Setting default values for properties in Angular 2 components - A step-by-step guide

When creating Angular 2.0 components, how can default values be assigned to properties?

For instance - I wish to initialize foo with 'bar', but it may get changed to 'baz' immediately through binding. How does this process unfold in the lifecycle hooks?

@Component({  
    selector: 'foo-component'
})
export class FooComponent {
    @Input()
    foo: string = 'bar';

    @Input()
    zalgo: string;

    ngOnChanges(changes){
          console.log(this.foo);
          console.log(changes.foo ? changes.foo.previousValue : undefined);
          console.log(changes.foo ? changes.foo.currentValue : undefined);
    }
}

Based on the provided templates, here is what I anticipate the values will look like. Is my assumption correct?

<foo-component [foo] = 'baz'></foo-component>

Console output:

'baz'
'bar'
'baz'
<foo-component [zalgo] = 'released'></foo-component>

Console output:

'bar'
undefined
undefined

Answer №1

That's quite an intriguing topic. If you want to understand it better, try experimenting with two lifecycle hooks: ngOnChanges and ngOnInit.

Essentially, when you assign a default value to an Input, it will only be used if no other value is provided for that component. What's fascinating is that the default value is set before the component is initialized.

Imagine having components with these two lifecycle hooks and a property coming from an input.

@Component({
  selector: 'cmp',
})
export class Login implements OnChanges, OnInit {
  @Input() property: string = 'default';

  ngOnChanges(changes) {
    console.log('Changed', changes.property.currentValue, changes.property.previousValue);
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    console.log('Init', this.property);
}

}

Situation 1

The component is included in HTML without a defined property value

The console will show: Init default

This means that onChange was not triggered. The initialization occurred and the value of property is indeed 'default' as expected.

Situation 2

The component is included in HTML with a set property value

<cmp [property]="'new value'"></cmp>

In this case, the console output will be:

Changed new value Object {}

Init new value

This situation is intriguing. First, the onChange hook was triggered, setting the property to 'new value' with an empty object as the previous value. Only after that did the onInit hook execute with the new value of property.

Answer №2

Discover the ultimate solution for this issue. (ANGULAR All Version)

Effective approach: Ensuring a default value is set for @Input variable. If no value is provided for that input variable, it will automatically adopt the default value.

I have addressed a similar query and shared a comprehensive solution in this link

export class CarComponent implements OnInit {
  private _defaultCar: car = {
    // defaulting isCar to true
    isCar: true,
    // defaulting wheels to 4
    wheels: 4
  };

  @Input() newCar: car = {};

  constructor() {}

  ngOnInit(): void {

   // combining both objects where values assigned later (this.newCar) 
   // will take precedence over default values only if they are present

    this.newCar = { ...this._defaultCar, ...this.newCar };
   //  console.log(this.newCar);
  }
}

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