Steps for determining if a string is compatible with a user-defined type in Typescript

Just getting started with Typescript and currently working on a sudoku game. Here are the types and interface I have set up:

export type GridCellValue = 1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9;

export interface GridCell {
  readonly: boolean,
  value: GridCellValue|null,
}

export type Grid = Array<Array<GridCell>>

The cells in the sudoku grid are represented by HTMLInputElements that trigger an InputEvent when their input changes (using Vue's @input directive).

My current validation function looks like this :

function validate_input(ev: InputEvent) {
  const input_string: string = ev.data ?? '';
  const grid_cell_value_regex = /^([123456789])$/;
  const value = grid_cell_value_regex.test(input_string) ? input_string : '';
  if (ev.target === null)
    return;
  const el = ev.target as HTMLInputElement;
  el.value = value;
}

I'm wondering if there is a better way to check if input_string can be converted to a valid GridCellValue, without relying on Regex. Is there another approach that could be more efficient?

I've already tried using instanceof and is for checking but it didn't yield the desired results.

Answer №1

Implement a type-narrowing function (also referred to as a "type guard") along with the usage of valueAsNumber (which handles parsing) and perform a range-check, like demonstrated below:


function onInputInput( ev: InputEvent ): void {
    
    const value = (ev.sender as HTMLInputElement).valueAsNumber;
    if( isGridCellValue( value ) ) {
        // Take action here: TypeScript will restrict `value` to `GridCellValue` within the scope of this `if` statement.
    }
}

function isGridCellValue( value: number ): value is GridCellValue {

    return (
        Math.floor( value ) === value
        &&
        value >= 1
        &&
        value <= 9
    );
}

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