Stop the automatic deduction of union types while utilizing an indexed access type within a generic function

I am currently working on developing a TypeScript interface that can automatically infer the function signature inside an object based on the adjacent key's presence and type, aiming to create a more ergonomic and generic interface.

Here is what I have implemented so far, which is partially functional for my specific use case:

interface BaseColumnDefinition<T extends Record<string, any>> {
    label?: string;
    key?: keyof T | undefined;
}

interface KeylessColumnDefinition<T extends Record<string, any>> extends BaseColumnDefinition<T> {
    key?: undefined;
    render: (value: T) => JSX.Element;
}

interface KeyedColumnDefinition<T extends Record<string, any>> extends BaseColumnDefinition<T> {
    key: keyof T;
    render: (value: T[this["key"]]) => JSX.Element;
}

type ColumnDefinition<T extends Record<string, any>> =
    | KeyedColumnDefinition<T>
    | KeylessColumnDefinition<T>;

const definitionWithoutKey: ColumnDefinition<{ name: string; id: string; value: number }> = {
    label: "Name",
    render: (value) => <></>, //correctly infers the type of render is (value: {name: string, id: string, value: number}) => JSX.Element 
};

const definitionWithKey: ColumnDefinition<{ name: string; id: string; value: number }> = {
    label: "Name",
    key: "value",
    render: (value) => <></>, //should infer a type of (value: number) => JSX.Element, instead infers the union of types from the T parameter i.e. (value: string | number) => JSX.Element
};

If there are any suggestions or solutions to improve this implementation and ensure correct signature inference based on the "key" value in the object, that would be greatly appreciated.

Answer №1

If you're looking to modify ColumnDefinition<T> such that each property K in keyof T becomes an individual union member, you'll need to structure it differently. For example, when defining a

ColumnDefinition{ name: string; id: string; value: number;}
, it should be similar to:

type MyColDef = {
  key: "name";
  render: (value: string) => JSX.Element;
} | {
  key: "id";
  render: (value: string) => JSX.Element;
} | {
  key: "value";
  render: (value: number) => JSX.Element;
} | {
  key?: undefined;
  render: (value: { name: string; id: string; value: number; }) => JSX.Element;
}

As for your KeyedColumnDefinition<T>, all properties are mixed together. To address this, introduce a generic parameter K extends keyof T in

KeyedColumnDefinition<T, K>
to align with a single known key:

interface KeyedColumnDefinition<
  T extends Record<string, any>,
  K extends keyof T> extends BaseColumnDefinition<> {
  key: K;
  render: (value: T[K]) => JSX.Element;
}

In the context of ColumnDefinition<T>, there should be unions of

KeyedColumnDefinition<T, K>
for every K in keyof T. One way to achieve this is through a *distributive object* method as defined here:

type ColumnDefinition<T extends Record<string, any>> =
  | { [K in keyof T]: KeyedColumnDefinition<T, K> }[keyof T]
  | KeylessColumnDefinition<T>;

By using this approach, everything should function correctly as expected:

const definitionWithoutKey: ColumnDefinition<{ name: string; id: string; value: number }> = {
  label: "Name",
  render: (value) => <></>
};

const definitionWithKey: ColumnDefinition<{ name: string; id: string; value: number }> = {
  label: "Name",
  key: "value",
  render: (value) => <></>
};

Link to Playground showcasing code

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