When it comes to incorporating right-to-left (RTL) support into a localized Angular 2+ application, particularly for languages like Hebrew and Arabic, what is considered the best approach? I have explored various tutorials, including Internationalization (i18n), but none of them seem to address this specific need. It seems logical that the html direction property (e.g. <html dir="rtl">) should be included, along with translations defined in i18n attributes, during the app's build process.
To implement i18n-dir as explained in the documentation, you can add i18n-dir dir="ltr" (where ltr represents the default direction) to the root element in the main component template (e.g. app.component.html) like this:
<div i18n-dir dir="ltr">
<!-- The rest of the content -->
</div>
After generating translation files, a corresponding trans-unit will be created with the default direction set to ltr. For languages that require right-to-left direction, simply adjust the target of the unit to rtl.
The issue at hand is that the primary index.html file, along with some other files, is not equipped to function as a template, hindering certain actions such as translation. For more details, please refer to this specific problem.
Despite this limitation, I endeavored to tackle the challenge myself:
To address this, create a translated version of your main index.html and save it within a folder named after the corresponding rtl language (fa in my situation):
src/fa/index.html:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="fa" dir="rtl">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>عنوان برنامه</title>
<base href="/fa/">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico">
<link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#1976d2">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,500" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<app-root></app-root>
<noscript>برای ادامه استفاده از این برنامه لازم است JavaScript را فعال کنید.</noscript>
</body>
</html>
Note elements like lang="fa", dir="rtl", and content in native language.
In your relevant build configurations (e.g., production-fa and fa) within your angular.json file, include:
"index": "src/fa/index.html"
Success!
You can apply similar strategies for other languages (even ltrs! Due to adjustments made in index.html).
For better comprehension, I have provided pertinent build scripts in my package.json file:
"start-fa": "ng serve --configuration=fa",
"build-fa": "ng build --configuration=fa",
"build-prod-fa": "ng build --prod --configuration=production-fa",
Bonus: How about modifying the manifest.json file for potential PWA installation?
The initial step mirrors the above process. Create a translated version located at src/fa/manifest.json:
{
"dir": "rtl",
"lang": "fa",
"name": "نام بلند برنامه",
"short_name": "نام کوتاه",
"theme_color": ...
...
However, the subsequent step demands extra attention. Defining its path proved challenging for me. You may opt to substitute the original file (src/manifest.json) with this new one. This action must be completed PRIOR to initiating the build process (not afterwards by replacing dist/.../manifest.json; since @angular/service-worker necessitates knowledge of the final state during the building phase). To do so in your package.json:
"build-prod-fa": "cp src/fa/manifest.json src/manifest.json && ng build --prod --configuration=production-fa",
And remember to restore it to its default form (in my scenario where en is the default language) prior to default production builds:
"build-prod": "cp src/en/manifest.json src/manifest.json && ng build --prod",
Please note that only production builds are pivotal regarding the manifest.json. As by default, serviceWorker is exclusively enabled in these setups (refer to your angular.json file).
I am aware this workaround is far from perfect. It entails modifying source files in various locations.
It seems like in 2017, the Angular team didn't have enough resources to prioritize adding right-to-left (rtl) support for the angular-translate module (https://github.com/angular-translate/angular-translate/issues/260).
However, it's not a major issue because achieving rtl support can be easily done using native JS...
document.body.setAttribute("dir", "rtl");
In my experience, HTML5 handles rtl support quite effectively.
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