The challenge of validating in Typescript and utilizing type inference

I am currently facing an issue with a function that resembles the one provided below (I have created a simplified example for discussion purposes):

interface Variable {
  someMethod: () => void
}

const validateVariable(variable: Variable | undefined) {
  if(!variable) {
    throw new Error('Variable is undefined!')
  }
}

const doSomething = async (): void => { 
  // maybeGetSomething returns a Variable or undefined
  // depending on the database, so both scenarios are possible
  const variable: (Variable | undefined) = await maybeGetSomething()

  validateVariable(variable)

  variable.someMethod()
}

However, Typescript is throwing an error stating that variable may be undefined. I find it impractical to include the code of validateVariable within doSomething as the validation process is complex and needs to be reusable. Creating a new variable just to appease Typescript seems unnecessary since after validation, the variable will always be of type Variable (as it cannot pass through the line with validateVariable(variable) unless it meets the required conditions).

How can I approach this situation in a more efficient manner? I am open to restructuring my code, as I am still learning about Typescript and willing to adapt!

Answer №1

Define a special return type for validateVariable in order to indicate to typescript that the variable must be defined if the function returns instead of throwing an error:

function validateVariable(variable: Variable | undefined): asserts variable is Variable {
  if(!variable) {
    throw new Error('Variable is undefined!')
  }
}

Once you call validateVariable(variable), the type on variable will be narrowed down to just Variable.

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