The error message "Type 'string' cannot be assigned to type 'Condition<UserObj>' while attempting to create a mongoose query by ID" is indicating a type mismatch issue

One of the API routes in Next has been causing some issues. Here is the code:

import {NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse} from "next";
import dbConnect from "../../utils/dbConnect";
import {UserModel} from "../../models/user";

export default async function handler(req: NextApiRequest, res: NextApiResponse) {
    if (req.method !== "GET") return res.status(405);
    if (!req.query.id || Array.isArray(req.query.id)) return res.status(406).json({message: "No ID found in request"});

    try {
        await dbConnect();

        const user = await UserModel.findOne({ _id: req.query.id });

        if (!user) return res.status(404).json({message: "No user found"});
        
        return res.status(200).json({data: user});
    } catch (e) {
        return res.status(500).json({message: e});
    }
}

There seems to be an error indicated by Typescript on the line

const user = await UserModel.findOne({ _id: req.query.id });
, saying
Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'Condition<UserObj>'
. Even when trying a different approach using ObjectId instead of a string (
const user = await UserModel.findOne({ _id: mongoose.Types.ObjectId(req.query.id) });
), the same error persists.

The documentation and type files have been checked, but it's still unclear why this issue is occurring. Isn't querying by ID with a string or ObjectId considered a valid condition object? Queries based on other fields seem to work without any problems.

If anyone can shed some light on why this is happening and suggest a solution, it would be greatly appreciated.

Answer №1

While the solution offered by @Tim is effective in addressing the immediate issue, it does not address the root cause of the problem. Consider a scenario where you need to utilize the findOne method due to filtering based on another field. For instance: You aim to retrieve the user with a specific id and where the deletedAt attribute is null.

const user = await UserModel.findOne({ _id: req.query.id, deletedAt: null});

The error persists because the flaw lies in how the userModel is defined. Presumably, your user class resembles the following structure:

import { ObjectId, Types } from 'mongoose';

@Schema({ versionKey: false, timestamps: true })
export class User {
  @Field(() => ID, {name: 'id'})
  readonly _id: ObjectId;

  @Field(() => Date, {nullable: true, name: 'deleted_at'})
  @Prop({type: Date, required: false, default: null})
  deletedAt?: Date;

  @Field()
  @Prop({required: true, index: true})
  name: string;

  ...
}

The crux of the issue lies in directly accessing the Schema user instead of the model (following the repository pattern).

[SOLUTION]: Construct the model or repository for your user class to interact with the database effectively. In my case, I opted to include these lines:

import { ObjectId, Types, Document } from 'mongoose';

@Schema({ versionKey: false, timestamps: true })
export class User {
    ...
}

export type UserDocument = User & Document;

OR

import { ObjectId, Types, Document } from 'mongoose';

@Schema({ versionKey: false, timestamps: true })
export class User extends Document{
    ...
}

Subsequently, within my service, I initialized an object of type model:

import { Model } from 'mongoose';

private userModel: Model<UserDocument>;

Thus enabling me to execute the following method call:

...
await dbConnect();
const user = await UserModel.findOne({ _id: req.query.id });
if (!user) return res.status(404).json({message: "No user found"});
...

Answer №2

To retrieve data based on an id, utilize the .findByID method.

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