The flow union type operates smoothly without any errors occurring

In the code snippet below, I have defined a type 'Something' which can have three possible values: 'A', 'B', or 'C'. The function 'f' takes an object of type Something as input and returns a string based on the value of 't'.

type Something =
  | { t: 'A', src: string }
  | { t: 'B', src: string }
  | { t: 'C', src: number };

const f = (o: Something): string => 
  o.t === 1
    ? o.src 
    : 'a-string';

I am puzzled by the fact that no error is generated when o.src is returned for o.t equal to 1 because the type 't' was never defined to be a number. This inconsistency in behavior raises questions about Flow's type checking capabilities and its handling of undefined or unreachable code segments.

To further explore this issue, you can use the following links for direct testing:

The underlying question here revolves around the potential errors and warnings that static type checking systems like Flow should ideally catch when encountering unexpected data types within defined structures.

Answer №1

The reason behind this issue lies in the specifics of the === operator. As outlined in the ECMA specification, the operator is defined as follows (particularly the key part):

The comparison x === y, where x and y are values, results in either true or false. The process for such a comparison is as follows:

  1. If Type(x) differs from Type(y), return false.
  2. ...additional steps...

You can actually stop at step 1 to understand the situation. Your statement o.t === 1 can be interpreted as:

typeof o.t == typeof 1 && (...additional steps...)

Only the first segment of that expression will be assessed because it's proven to be false. Flow recognizes that there will never be a direct comparison between a number and a string in this scenario.

As suggested by others, it would be more appropriate to use == in conjunction with Flow.

Answer №2

Flow typically recommends the use of == because it can provide insights into unsafe coercions. If you were to implement this example with ==, you would encounter an error (in fact, 4 errors) as anticipated:

const f = (o: Something): string => 
  o.t == 1
    ? o.src 
    : 'a-string';

Answer №3

When examining the type of o.src with a slight variation at ? o.src, the indication is that it exhibits an "Empty" identity. This indicates that flow recognizes no valid input scenarios that could lead to the execution of this particular code. While Flow refrains from flagging an error, it acknowledges the impossibility of such a scenario, thus leading to a singular string output.

Refer to Peter Hall's explanation for insight into why flow behaves in this manner. The crux seems to stem from your use of the strict equality operator ===. The initial phase of === involves verifying whether the types of two elements align. In cases where they do not match, Flow designates the branch as empty. Consider opting for == instead to potentially uncover such discrepancies (provided that you have enabled unsafe coercion warnings).

Side note: When utilizing Flow.com/try, hovering over expressions can unveil their underlying types.

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