The issue arises when interfaces are extended by another interface

Is there a way to have classes that implement both the Observer and Comparable interfaces together?

interface Comparable<T> {
    equals: (item: T) => boolean;
}

interface Observer extends Comparable<Observer> {
    notify: () => void
}

class TestA implements Observer {
    private name = '';

    equals = (item: TestA) => {
        return this.name === item.name
    }

    notify = () => {}
}

class TestB implements Observer {
    private name = '';

    equals = (item: TestB) => {
        return this.name === item.name
    }

    notify = () => {}
}

Error:

TS2416: Property 'equals' in type 'TestA' is not assignable to the same property in base type 'Observer'.   Type '(item: TestA) => boolean' is not assignable to type '(item: Observer) => boolean'.     Types of parameters 'item' and 'item' are incompatible.       Property 'name' is missing in type 'Observer' but required in type 'TestA'.

Even though TestA implements the Observer interface, they are not compatible. How can we resolve this issue?

We could modify like this:

class TestA implements Observer {
    private name = '';

    equals = (item: Observer) => {
        return this.name === item.name
    }

    notify = () => {}
}

However, this leads to an error as well since it doesn't account for comparing objects of different classes:

Property 'name' does not exist on type 'Observer'.

How do we go about implementing this correctly? "typescript": "^3.9.2"

Answer №1

Why not consider utilizing polymorphic `this` instead of generics? By implementing the polymorphic `this`, your `Comparable` and `Observer` would transform into the following:

interface Comparable {
    equals: (item: this) => boolean;
}

interface Observer extends Comparable {
    notify: () => void
}

This implies that an object of type `X` extending `Comparable` must have an `equals()` method accepting a value of type `X`. Keep in mind that `Comparable` does not behave like a regular type in terms of substitutability and inheritance. Typically, if you have `interface B extends A {...}`, then you should be able to utilize a `B` wherever an `A` is required:

interface A {
    someMethod(x: A): void;
}

interface B extends A {
    someOtherMethod(x: B): void;
}

declare const b: B;
const a: A = b; // okay

However, this concept does not hold true for `Comparable`:

declare const o: Observer;
const c: Comparable = o; // error! equals is incompatible

Despite that, this definition of `Comparable` will permit your implementations as they are:

class TestA implements Observer {
    private name = '';

    equals = (item: TestA) => {
        return this.name === item.name
    }

    notify = () => { }
}

class TestB implements Observer {
    private name = '';

    equals = (item: TestB) => {
        return this.name === item.name
    }

    notify = () => { }
}

Nevertheless, issues may arise if you try to treat `TestA` or `TestB` as an `Observer`:

function takeObservers(o1: Observer, o2: Observer) {
    o1.equals(o2);    
}
takeObservers(new TestA()); // error

Hence, you might reconsider constraining `equals()` in this manner.


Overall, I hope this elucidation proves beneficial; best of luck!

Link to Playground with the Code

Answer №2

Modify the equals(item: TestA) and equals(item:TestB) methods to use equals(item : Observer) within the TestA and TestB classes.

This change is necessary because Comparable type has been defined as Observable.

Within the equals method, you can cast the observable object to TestA and compare its name property as shown below:

inside the TestA class.

class TestA implements Observer {
    private name = '';

    equals = (item: Observer) => {
        if(item instanceof TestA){
          return this.name === (item as TestA).name
        }
        return false
    }

    notify = () => {}
}

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