Tips for building a diverse array of data types and effectively utilizing them based on their specific type in Typescript

Trying to store both custom types, Graphic and Asset, in the same array is proving to be a challenge. The goal is to access them and retain their individual type information.

const trail: Array<Graphic | Asset> = [];

for (let index = 0; index < this.props.graphics.length; index++) {
    const graphic = this.props.graphics[index];

    trail.push(graphic);

    if (index <= this.assets.length - 1) trail.push(this.assets[index]);
}

// However, an error occurs when trying to access .artist on type Graphic | Asset
if (typeof trail[0].artist != "undefined") {

}

An approach like the following could potentially work, but it has not been successful thus far.

enum TrailType {
   Graphic,
   Asset
}
interface Trail {
   type: TrailType
   element: Graphic | Asset
}

Is it only feasible to achieve this when the types have at least one shared property?

Answer №1

A method to determine the type is essential in programming. It is known as a discriminated union, and you can explore more about it at this link.

In your specific scenario, it should be structured as shown below.

interface GraphicTrail {
    type: TrailType.Graphic,
    element: Graphic
}

interface AssetTrail {
    type: TrailType.Asset,
    element: Asset
}

type Trail = GraphicTrail | AssetTrail

By using an if statement, you can easily identify the type being used, allowing Typescript to accurately define the variable type.

Alternatively, utilizing a type guard presents another solution. For example:

function isGraphic(data: Graphic | Asset): data is Graphic {
    return Boolean(data.someFieldsThatExistsOnGraphicOnly); // Include any appropriate boolean expression here.
}

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