Tips for creating the overload of a function that accepts a class as a parameter

My map is packed with various types of values (strings, objects, etc.) assigned to different types of keys (strings, classes, etc.).

Whenever the key is a class, the corresponding value is always an instance of that class.

I attempted to create a function that can properly type its return value when it has all information about it, but there seems to be an issue when the class constructor requires parameters:

const map = new Map();

function test<T>(key: new (...args: any[]) => T): T;
function test<T>(key: unknown): T
function test(key: unknown) {
  return map.get(key);
}

// testing begins here

class A {}
class B {
  constructor(public foo: string) {}
}

const aaa = test(A) //< Correctly typed as `A`
const bbb = test(B) //< Incorrectly typed as `unknown`
const ccc = test('C') //< Correctly typed as `unknown`
const ddd = test<string>('D') //< Correctly typed as `string`

The class B does not appear to be recognized by the first function overload. However, what baffles me is that if I eliminate the second function overload, then b is correctly identified as B (although using the function with anything other than a class results in failure). So why isn't B acknowledged as a class in the previous scenario?

Answer №1

I came up with a solution using two different conditional types:

type HasConstructor<T> = T extends new (...args: any[]) => unknown ? T : never;
type ConstructorInstance<T> = T extends new (...args: any[]) => infer I ? I : never;

function checkType<T>(key: HasConstructor<T>): ConstructorInstance<T>;
function checkType<T>(key: unknown): T;
function checkType(key: unknown) {
  return map.get(key);
}

const testA = checkType(A); //< Identified as `A` correctly
const testB = checkType(B); //< Recognized as `B` correctly
const testC = checkType("C"); //< Labeled as `unknown` accurately
const testD = checkType<string>("D"); // Correctly identified as `string`

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