Tips for determining the type of a calculated logic

I am faced with the challenge of dealing with field1 in my interface, which can have multiple data types: number, object, or boolean.

Currently, I have an if-condition to verify that the data type is a number before proceeding with data processing.

In cases 1 and 2, TypeScript correctly identifies field1 as a number type, but it fails to do so in case 3, which is the issue I am working on resolving in my project.

My goal is to make TypeScript recognize that in case 3, field1 is now a number type based on the result of isCorrectNumber. How can this be achieved?

I will need to utilize isCorrectNumber in various parts of the code.

interface Module1 {
  field1: number | {key: string; value: string}[] | boolean;
}

const value: Module1 = {
  field1: [{key: 'key', value: 'value'}]
};

if (typeof value.field1 === 'number' && value.field1 % 2 === 0 && (value.field1 > 0 || value.field1 < 100)) {
  const myString: number = value.field1; // Case1: WORKS
  console.log(myString);
}

const isCorrectNumberFn = (value: Module1): value is {field1: number} => (typeof value.field1 === 'number' && value.field1 % 2 === 0&& (value.field1 > 0 || value.field1 < 100));
if (isCorrectNumberFn(value)) {
  const myString: number = value.field1; // Case2: WORKS
  console.log(myString);
}

const isCorrectNumber = typeof value.field1 === 'number' && value.field1 % 2 === 0&& (value.field1 > 0 || value.field1 < 100);
if (isCorrectNumber) {
  const myString: number = value.field1; // Case3: ERROR: Type 'number | boolean | { key: string; value: string; }[]' is not assignable to type 'number'. Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'number'
  console.log(myString);
}

TypeScript playground

Answer №1

When it comes to TypeScript, the ability to narrow down the types of values based on type guards is not a one-size-fits-all solution. This feature is limited to specific scenarios that were explicitly defined by programmers. TypeScript is not a magical solver that can predict all possible outcomes of a program, as that would significantly affect compiler performance. In some cases, humans may know that a variable must be of a certain type at a given point in the code, but TypeScript might fail to recognize that. For more information, refer to microsoft/TypeScript#52822.

The situations where TypeScript can effectively narrow types are carefully programmed into the language for improved developer experience, despite adding complexity and potentially impacting performance. For instance, using direct typeof type guards is supported:

if (typeof value.field1 === 'number' && ⋯) {
  const n: number = value.field1; // okay
}

In cases where automatic narrowing doesn't work as desired, developers can create their own custom type guard functions:

const isCorrectNumberFn = (value: Module1): value is {field1: number} => (
  typeof value.field1 === 'number' && ⋯);

if (isCorrectNumberFn(value)) {
  const n: number = value.field1; // okay
}

However, there are limitations to what TypeScript can do. Unsupported scenarios may arise while working with type narrowing logic, such as the situation described below:

const isCorrectNumber =
  typeof value.field1 === 'number' && ⋯;
if (isCorrectNumber) {
  const n: number = value.field1; // error!    
}

Prior to TypeScript 4.4, saving the results of a type guard into another variable for further narrowing was impossible. With the introduction of control flow analysis in TypeScript 4.4, support for narrowing based on aliased conditions stored in boolean variables has been added (microsoft/TypeScript#44730).

If your code isn't working as expected, it could be due to indirect references that the compiler cannot track. The workaround suggested is to make the property readonly, allowing the compiler to use it as a type guard without worrying about reassignment:

interface Module1 {
  readonly field1: (
    number | { key: string; value: string }[] | boolean
  );
}

By applying this change, you should see an improvement in the behavior of your code when narrowing types. Remember, while this approach may not suit every scenario, it represents the current capabilities of the TypeScript compiler.

Playground link to code

Answer №2

Typescript's analysis of control flow may not always narrow down types as expected.

Instead of relying solely on Typescript's control flow analysis, one workaround is to use a witness (a value with the correct type) in place of a boolean. Here's an example:

const valueWithCorrectNumber = isCorrectNumberFn(value) ? value : undefined;
if (valueWithCorrectNumber) {
  const num: number = valueWithCorrectNumber.field1;
}

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