Tips for differentiating function that accepts various types of arrays with generics

I have come across a typings declaration that caught my attention:

public static Loop<Type>(arr:Type[], callback:(obj:Type) => void):void;

This declaration represents the structure of a function written in native JavaScript. It essentially iterates through each element in an array and executes a callback function on it, like so:

Loop(["hello", "world"], function(value)
{
    console.log(value);
});

While I am able to utilize intellisense when using it as shown in the example above, I'm encountering an issue when attempting to use it with arrays containing different data types, for instance:

let arr: string[] | number[] = [];
Loop(arr, function(value)
{
    console.log(value);
});

Unfortunately, the above setup does not function as intended - the variable "value" is categorized as type 'any' rather than being restricted to "string" or "number".

On the other hand, if I define the array as let arr: (string|number)[], everything falls into place. However, I am not keen on dealing with arrays that consist of a mix of data types. I prefer keeping it either entirely strings or entirely numbers.

Is there a way for me to modify the Loop signature to accommodate scenarios like string[] | number[] ?

-- Your assistance is greatly appreciated

Answer №1

If we consider this scenario, it might be more convenient to generalize your Loop function in the array type, rather than the element type. You can achieve this by implementing the following:

  public static Loop<A extends readonly any[]>(arr: A, callback: (obj: A[number]) => void): void {
    arr.forEach(v => (callback(v)));
  }

In this context, A represents the array type, and A[number] indicates the element type (since accessing an array of type A with an index of type

number</code should return one of its elements).</p>
<p>Let's verify its functionality:</p>
<pre><code>let arr = Math.random() < 0.5 ? ["a", "b", "c"] : [1, 2, 3];
Loop(arr, function (value) {
  console.log(typeof value === "number" ? value + 1 : value.toUpperCase());
});
// A B C or 2 3 4 

Indeed, arr is processed successfully, and then value is accurately inferred as the union type string | number.

Link to code playground

Answer №2

Dealing with a type like string[] | number[] is a common challenge, but there's a clever solution I like to use. By defining your type as (string[] | number[]) and also (string | number)[], you can avoid issues when calling functions like array.map or your Loop method. The key is that the array must adhere to both definitions, preventing mixed arrays. You can encapsulate this in a utility type:

type ArrayOfEither<A, B> = (A[] | B[]) & (A | B)[]

No changes are needed for your Loop method, but you do need to adjust how you declare your variable arr.

let arr: ArrayOfEither<string, number> = [];
arr = ["1", 2, 3] // error: Type '(string | number)[]' is not assignable to type 'ArrayOfEither<string, number>'.
arr = [1, 2, 3] // ok
Loop(arr, function(value) {
    console.log(value);  // value is `string | number`
});

Typescript Playground Link

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