Tips for leveraging constant values in TypeScript 'Type Aliases' for improved code organization

I am a beginner in the world of TypeScript.

Currently, I am working on an Angular Project where I am developing a SnackBar Service to provide notifications to users.

Although my background is primarily in Java, I have encountered some challenges.

I have a couple of queries.

When defining a class in TypeScript, I noticed that I cannot use the "const" keyword for class fields. Since my service needs to be a singleton, I am concerned about accidentally changing values and breaking the entire application. I tried using private fields, but it doesn't seem to be sufficient.

1) Is there a way in TypeScript to have something similar to const for class fields?

In my service:

import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';
import {MatSnackBar} from '@angular/material';

@Injectable({
  providedIn: 'root'
})
export class SnackService {

  private DURATION = 1800;

  private HORIZONTAL_POSITION = 'end';

  constructor(private snackBar: MatSnackBar) {

  }

  successful(message: string) {
    this.snackBar.open(message, null, {
      duration: this.DURATION,
      horizontalPosition: this.HORIZONTAL_POSITION,
      panelClass: 'success-snackBar'
    });
  }

  error(message: string) {
    this.snackBar.open(message, null, {
      duration: this.DURATION,
      horizontalPosition: this.HORIZONTAL_POSITION,
      panelClass: 'error-snackBar'
    });
  }
}

2) My code is not compiling due to 'Type Aliases'. How can I use const values for 'Type Aliases'?

The above class is experiencing compilation issues with the following error message:

error TS2345: Argument of type '{ duration: number; horizontalPosition: string; panelClass: string; }' is not assignable to parameter of type 'MatSnackBarConfig<any>'.
  Types of property 'horizontalPosition' are incompatible.

However, in 'MatSnackBarConfig', 'MatSnackBarHorizontalPosition' is already defined as a string.

export declare type MatSnackBarHorizontalPosition = 'start' | 'center' | 'end' | 'left' | 'right';

Answer №1

The issue lies in the distinction between string literal types and type aliases. String literal types are a subset of the overall string type, meaning you can assign a value like 'end' to a string variable, but not vice versa.

If you want the compiler to automatically infer a string literal type for a field, make sure it is declared as readonly:

private readonly HORIZANTAL_POSITION = 'end';

If the field is not readonly, you will need to manually specify the type like so:

private HORIZANTAL_POSITION : MatSnackBarHorizontalPosition = 'end';

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