Tips for preventing circular dependencies in JavaScript/TypeScript

How can one effectively avoid circular dependencies? This issue has been encountered in JavaScript, but it can also arise in other programming languages.

For instance, there is a module called translationService.ts where upon changing the locale, settings need to be reloaded (resulting in the need to import settingsService.ts). However, within the settingsService.ts, there is a function reloadSettings that relies on the translationService for translating error messages.

The ideal scenario would be for the translationService to have no knowledge of the settingsService. But how can this separation be achieved through code?

translationService.ts

import { reloadSettings } from '@/services/settingsService.ts'

// When the locale is changed, we want to reload the settings
const changeLocale = (locale: string) => {
  i18n.locale = locale

  reloadSettings()
}

However, in settingsService.ts, there exists a dependency on the translationService for displaying exceptions in the correct locale.

settingsService.ts

import settingsApi from '@/api/settingsApi.ts'
import { translate } from '@/services/translationService.ts'

const reloadSettings = () => {
  try {
    settingsStore.settings = settingsApi.getSettings()
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(
      translate(error.message)
    )
  }
}

This results in a loop of dependencies where settingsService requires translationService and vice versa:

settingsService -> translationService -> settingsService

Answer №1

In many instances similar to this one, it is advisable to reduce two-way coupling by eliminating at least one dependency and replacing it with an indirect form of coupling

Consider the following scenario.

For example, in my settingsService.ts file, there is a reloadSettings function that relies on the translationService to translate error messages.

It seems appropriate to maintain this direct dependency on your translation service since it operates at a lower level.

Within my translationService.ts module, I aim to reload settings whenever the locale changes, which requires importing settingsService.ts.

However, there is no necessity for a direct dependency in this case.

An alternative approach could involve implementing an event emitter that triggers a locale-changed event, allowing the settings service to simply subscribe to this event.

This way, there is no direct dependency; both services rely on the event emitter for communication while remaining decoupled from each other.

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