Tips for running a TypeScript application that has been compiled into a single file using AMD modules

I seem to be overlooking something rather simple here, but I'm struggling to figure it out. Lately, I've started using AMD (RequireJS) in my web applications that run in browsers.


Initial Setup

With TypeScript 1.8, there is a new feature that allows you to compile an entire project consisting of external modules into a single output file when using AMD.

To take advantage of this, I made the decision to switch from internal modules to external modules for all my VS2015 project files with the following compiler arguments:

--module AMD --outFile main.js

Generated Output

The resulting main.js output file contains all the modules included in the project:

main.js

define("Project/MainModule", ["require", "exports" ...], function (require, exports ...) {
    "use strict";
    console.log("MainModule defined");
    // ...
});

...    

Usage Scenario

Now, my question is how do I execute Project/MainModule from a file like index.html so that it shows "MainModule defined" in the console? I have RequireJS set up to handle the AMD syntax and have specified the loading of main.js immediately:

index.html

<script data-main="main" src="Require.js"></script>

This code successfully loads main.js, as verified by adding a console.log statement after the list of defines in that file. Apologies if this is a basic query, I couldn't find relevant information on how to utilize a compiled application using this method (maybe I used the wrong search terms?).


Edit: I attempted to require the module by its name:

index.html

<script>
    window.onload = function () {
        require(["Project/MainModule"], function () {
            // this
        });
    }
</script>

However, unfortunately, RequireJS cannot locate the module.

Answer №1

If you want to load the built file, make sure to include it using a script tag:

<head>
    <script src="bower_components/dojo/dojo.js"></script>
    <script src="built/run.js"></script>
</head>

After that, you can proceed to load the modules by using require:

<body>
    <script>require(["app"], run => run());</script>
</body>

Your tsconfig.json should look something like this:

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "declaration": false,
        "module": "amd",
        "target": "es5",
        "noImplicitAny": true,
        "sourceMap": false,
        "out": "./built/run.js",
        "moduleResolution": "node"
    },
    "exclude": [
        "bower_components"
    ]
}

For examples using Dojo, RequireJS, and Almond, check out the following links:

To see a Dojo example, visit: https://github.com/ca0v/ags-lab/blob/master/index.html

For a RequireJS example, go to: https://github.com/ca0v/react-lab/blob/master/rawgit.html

And for an Almond example, check out: https://github.com/ca0v/html-playground/blob/master/playground/svg/svgeditor/index.html

Alternatively, you can use data-main to load a requirejs configuration, which can specify the built script as a dependency:

requirejs.config({
    paths: {
        "openlayers": "bower_components/ol3/ol",
        "jquery": "bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min"
    },
    deps: ["built/run"],
    callback: () => {
        requirejs(["app"], run => run());
    }
});

Include this using data-main:

<head>
    <script src="bower_components/requirejs/require.js" data-main="config.js"></script>
</head>

Check out this link for an example using OpenLayers: https://github.com/ca0v/ol3-lab/blob/master/index.html

Answer №2

The TypeScript compiler generates only define calls. To activate module loading, you must include at least one top-level require call.

If you're bundling with RequireJS's r.js, there is a convenient option available for this purpose.

Uncertain about using --outFile to accomplish this task. It seems necessary to interact with the RequireJS API directly in either a .ts or .js file, much like in your index.html. Simply calling require(["Project/MainModule"]); should suffice.

Is there a specific reason why you are hesitant or unable to utilize solutions such as r.js, browserify, or webpack?

Answer №3

It's amazing how such a simple error can trip up even the most experienced RequireJS users.


When using AMD syntax and --outFile, modules are given names, as stated in the official RequireJS documentation.

To make use of a named module, it must be specified in the RequireJS configuration by mapping the module name to its file path. For example, we would define that the named module Project/MainModule corresponds to the file main:

index.html

<script>
    require.config({
        paths: {
            "Project/MainModule": "main"
        }
    });
</script>

The module can then be required by its assigned name:

index.html

<script>
    require(["Project/MainModule"], function () {
        console.log("app loaded");
    });
</script>

Important: Remember to exclude the data-main attribute when loading Require.js to avoid duplicate loading of modules (as demonstrated by the double logging in the previous example).

Additional Note: While this is a key part of the solution, manually specifying all module-to-file mappings from TypeScript compilation output is impractical. An alternative approach is discussed in a useful answer on Stack Overflow.

Answer №4

For scenarios like this, I created SAMD specifically: https://github.com/morris/samd

SAMD offers a basic AMD implementation that is suitable for TypeScript AMD bundles and dependencies added through normal script tags.

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