Tips for utilizing method overload in TypeScript with a basic object?

Looking at this code snippet:

type Foo = {
  func(a: string): void;
  func(b: number, a: string): void;
}

const f: Foo = {
  func(b, a) {
    // ???
  }
}

An error is encountered stating:

Type '(b: number, a: string) => void' is not assignable to type '{ (a: string): void; (b: number, a: string): void; }'.ts(2322) index.ts(15, 3): The expected type comes from property 'func' which is declared here on type 'Foo'

Suggestions have been made using classes, but how can the same be achieved with plain objects?

Answer №1

The compiler is indicating that func(b, a) requires a second argument whereas the func method of Foo does not. To resolve this error, you can make a optional in the implementation:

const f: Foo = {
  func(b, a?) {    
  //       ^-- optional
  }
}

It's worth noting that it may not always be feasible to find a solution that will compile. Function overloads statements allow for looser typing in their implementation compared to call signatures, but this doesn't apply to overloaded function expressions:

function barFunc(a: string): number;
function barFunc(b: number, a: string): string;
function barFunc(b: string | number, a?: string) {
  return typeof b === "string" ? b.length : a // okay
}

type Bar = {
  func(a: string): number;
  func(b: number, a: string): string;
}
const g: Bar = {
  func(b, a?) { // error!
    return typeof b === "string" ? b.length : a
  }
}

A feature request exists at microsoft/TypeScript#47669 for arrow functions to handle overloading like function statements do, however, this is not currently supported by the language.

If faced with an impossible-to-implement overloaded arrow function, consider refactoring to a function statement:

const h: Bar = { func: barFunc }; // okay

Alternatively, use type assertions to relax type checking enough to enable compilation:

const i: Bar = {
  func(b, a?) { 
    return (typeof b === "string" ? b.length : a) as any // okay
  }
}

Playground link to code

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