Troubleshooting Inference Problems in TypeScript with Mapped Types and Discriminated Unions

There has been much discussion about typing discriminated unions, but I have not found a solution for my specific case yet. Let's consider the following code snippet:

type A = {label: 'a', options: {x: number}; text: string}; // label serves as a tag
type B = {label: 'b', options: {y: string}; text: string};
type C = A | B;
type D<T extends C> = {
  label: T['label'];
  displayOptions: T['options'];
  complexValue: T extends B ? T['options']['y'] : never;
};
function f<U extends D<C>>(u: U) {
  if (u.label === 'a') {
    u.displayOptions // should be inferred as {x: number} only
  }
}

At this point, one would expect the type of u.displayOptions to be specifically {x: number} due to the nature of the "tag" provided by the label. However, the issue still persists and the type remains as {x: number} | {y: string}.

The root of this problem could lie in the way D is defined, where T['label'] and T['options'] are indirectly referenced. For instance, utilizing a property like type: T in D, followed by if (t.type.label === 'a') seems to work.

Unfortunately, this alternative approach is not practical for the following reasons:

  1. I wish to avoid including all properties of T (or C) in D (e.g., excluding text).
  2. The desired properties may undergo renaming (e.g., from options to displayOptions).
  3. Addition of properties dependent on T, like complexValue, is necessary.

Is there a simple solution available that can fulfill these requirements?

Answer №1

When working with generics, the compiler faces challenges in narrowing down the type safely as explained in ms/TS#33014 due to uncertainty about the exact passed type. For example:

function f<T extends 'a' | 'b'>(x: T) {
  if (x === 'a') {
    x; //  T extends "a" | "b"
  }
}

In your specific scenario, it is not generics that you require but rather distributive conditional types. When unions are checked against a condition (extends something), they are distributed to ensure each member passes the check by finding an always-true condition like T extends any or T extends T. By redistributing, the union is reconstructed with modified or added fields. To eliminate unnecessary fields, the built-in Omit utility type is used. Adjusting members individually involves adjusting how additional fields are included:

type D<T extends C = C> = T extends T
  ? Omit<T, 'options' | 'text'> & {
      displayOptions: T['options'];
    } & (T extends B ? { complexValue: T['options']['y'] } : {})
  : never;

Verification through testing:

// (Omit<A, "options" | "text"> & {
//   displayOptions: {
//       x: number;
//   };
// }) | (Omit<B, "options" | "text"> & {
//   displayOptions: {
//       y: string;
//   };
// } & {
//   complexValue: string;
// })
type Result = D;

The resulting type may appear correct but can be challenging to interpret. The Prettify utility type defined in the type-samurai package simplifies it:

type Prettify<T> = T extends infer R
  ? {
      [K in keyof R]: R[K];
    }
  : never;

Essentially, it duplicates the provided type and utilizes mapped types to remap it, prompting the compiler to remove unwanted intersections and aliases:

// {
//   label: 'a';
//   displayOptions: {
//     x: number;
//   };
// }
// | {
//   label: 'b';
//   displayOptions: {
//     y: string;
//   };
//   complexValue: string;
// };
type Result = Prettify<D>;

Now, utilizing a parameter of type Result should perform as anticipated. Final round of testing:

function f(u: Result) {
  if (u.label === 'a') {
    u.displayOptions; // {x: number}
  }
}

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