TypeScript enables the use of optional arguments through method overloading

Within my class, I have defined a method like so:

lock(key: string, opts: any, cb?: LMClientLockCallBack): void;

When a user calls it with all arguments:

lock('foo', null, (err,val) => {

});

The typings are correct. However, if they skip the options argument:

lock('foo', (err,val) => {

});

Then tsc interprets the callback function as type any, illustrated here:

https://i.stack.imgur.com/ONspp.png

Is there a way for users to skip passing an empty object or null and directly provide the callback?

I attempted overloading the method with two definitions:

  lock(key: string, cb: LMClientLockCallBack, n?: LMClientLockCallBack) : void;

  lock(key: string, opts: any, cb?: LMClientLockCallBack) { ... }

However, this approach did not compile and raised new issues:

https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lktmo.png

And when trying this alternative:

  lock(key: string, cb: LMClientLockCallBack) : void;

  lock(key: string, opts: any, cb?: LMClientLockCallBack) { ... }

This complication arose:

https://i.stack.imgur.com/rq2ED.png

There must be a resolution to this dilemma, right?

Answer №1

When overloading a method in TypeScript, the actual implementation is not considered as one of the overloads. It is necessary to create three function definitions: two for different overloads (which you have already done), and a third one with an optional argument and the real implementation. In your code, there seems to be a mistake where the real implementation is mistakenly linked to the second overload definition. The correct approach would be:

lock(key: string, cb: LMClientLockCallBack) : void;
lock(key: string, opts: any, cb: LMClientLockCallBack): void;

lock(key: string, opts: any, cb?: LMClientLockCallBack) { ... }

Therefore, if the second argument is a callback, the user will receive the typings for the first overload; if it is anything else but the third argument is a callback, they will get the typings for the second overload. However, in both cases, they will call the same implementation - similar to how it would work in pure JavaScript.

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