TypeScript throwing errors when defining interfaces

Within my config.test.json, the contents are as follows:

{
  "development": {
    "username": "user1",
    "database": "db1"
  },
  "production": {
    "username": "user2",
    "database": "db2"
  }
},
"SEED": true

In the file index.ts, there is an interface defined as:

interface IConfigDB {
    username: string;
    database: string;
    otherProp: number;
}

The actual object configDB looks like this:

const configDB: IConfigDB = {
    ...config[process.env.NODE_ENV],
    otherProp: false,
};

Despite setting otherProp to false, which should actually be a number, TypeScript does not raise any errors. However, when testing on the TypeScript sandbox by mocking config.test.json as an object, it works correctly — you can see the results in the sandbox.

const development = {
  username: "user1",
  database: "db1"
};

interface IObjectA {
  username: string;
  database: string;
  otherProp: boolean;
}

const configDB: IObjectA = {
  ...development,
  otherProp: 1
};

// (property) IObjectA.otherProp: boolean
// Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'boolean'.
// Quick Fix...
// Peek Problem

This is how my tsconfig.json file is configured:

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "outDir": "./dist/",
        "target": "es5",
        "allowJs": true,
        "sourceMap": true,
        "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
        "module": "esnext",
        "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
        "moduleResolution": "node",
        "resolveJsonModule": true,
        "isolatedModules": true,
        "noEmit": true
    },
    "include": ["src"],
    "exclude": ["node_modules"]
}

Can someone provide insights into what might be causing this behavior?


Update:

Upon adding "strict": true to the tsconfig.json, an error occurs when attempting to set

const configDB: IConfigDB = {
    ...config[process.env.NODE_ENV],
    operatorsAliases: false,
};

The error message reads:

(property) NodeJS.Process.env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv
Type 'undefined' cannot be used as an index type.ts(2538)

Any suggestions to address this issue?

-- Update 2:

After @lukasgeiter pointed out that the type for ...config[process.env.NODE_ENV] is string | undefined, using ! will inform TypeScript that there is indeed a value present...

However, this action leads to an error on:

...config[process.env.NODE_ENV!],

The corresponding error message is displayed https://i.sstatic.net/TCn0r.png

It seems to suggest something related to the absence of types within my config.test.json. Further clarification would be appreciated.

Unclear about what the error signifies... Do you have any insights?

Answer №1

Let's break this down step by step:

1. Any mistakes?

As you may have noticed, TypeScript is quite forgiving by default. It's only when we enable strict that we catch discrepancies. Particularly for new projects, I strongly recommend always using strict mode.

2. Potential undefined NODE_ENV

The initial hurdle, or the first real obstacle, is that process.env is defined as:

interface ProcessEnv {
    [key: string]: string | undefined;
}

This means process.env.NODE_ENV could either be a string or undefined. However, in strict mode, variables of type undefined cannot be utilized as an index.

A workaround is to assert it as defined using the non-null assertion operator !:

...config[process.env.NODE_ENV!]

3. Possible indexes

The compiler recognizes that the config object has precisely two properties: 'development' and 'production'. Nevertheless, process.env.NODE_ENV! is of type string, encompassing not just 'development' and 'production', but any potential string value.

One resolution could be casting NODE_ENV to a compatible type:

...config[process.env.NODE_ENV as 'development' | 'production']

Alternatively, a more elegant option would be to extract it into a new variable:

const NODE_ENV = process.env.NODE_ENV as 'development' | 'production';
// ...
...config[NODE_ENV]

You could even make this more dynamic by retrieving all keys from the config type:

const NODE_ENV = process.env.NODE_ENV as keyof typeof config;

Note: None of these casting methods ensure that the value of NODE_ENV will actually be development or production. A runtime check and suitable fallback may be necessary if it remains unset or holds an invalid value.

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