TypeScript's conditional property failing to recognize incorrect functional argument

The concept of a conditional type should encompass smart properties, and I sought assistance from @jcalz in the previous iteration of this query. Even though that issue was resolved, I am still unable to achieve the level of typing strictness I desire. The final line below is expected to raise an error:

interface Props<T, S extends boolean = boolean> {
  value: T;
  isString: S;
  submit: S extends true ? (arg: string) => void : (arg: T & {}) => void;
}

interface FalseProps<T> {
  value: T;
  isString: false;
  submit: (arg: T & {}) => void;
}

interface TrueProps<T> {
  value: T;
  isString: true;
  submit: (arg: string) => void;
}

function fancyFunction<T>(props: Props<T>): void
function fancyFunction<T>(props: TrueProps<T> | FalseProps<T>): void {
  if (props.isString === true) {
    props.submit('return a string');
  } else if (props.isString === false) {
    props.submit(props.value);
  }
}

const args1 = {
  value: 2,
  isString: true,
  submit: (arg: string) => console.log(arg),
};
fancyFunction(args1);


const args2 = {
  value: { id: 2 },
  isString: false,
  submit: (arg: { id: number }) => console.log(arg),
};
fancyFunction(args2);

const args3 = {
  value: { id: 2 },
  isString: false,
  submit: (arg: string) => console.log(arg),
};
fancyFunction(args3);

You can access the TypeScript code here.

Answer №1

In a similar way to your previous issue, the fancyFunction() functions are only generic in terms of T, not S, within the Props<T, S>. By using Props<T>, you end up with a type where the properties isString and submit are unrelated unions. This allows scenarios where isString can be false while submit expects a string argument without any errors.

Instead of trying to salvage this complex conditional typing with multiple parameters, consider exposing the signature of fancyFunction() as its call signature. The

TrueProps<T> | FalseProps<T>
is a discriminated union where isString acts as the discriminant property, providing the desired behavior both on the function call side and its implementation:

function fancyFunction<T>(props: TrueProps<T> | FalseProps<T>): void {
  if (props.isString === true) {
    props.submit('return a string');
  } else if (props.isString === false) {
    props.submit(props.value);
  }
}

At this point, you might notice that all three calls to fancyFunction() result in errors. This happens because args1, args2, and args3 have wider types than intended. To maintain narrow typings, using const assertions starting from TypeScript 3.4+ can help:

const args1 = {
  value: 2,
  isString: true as const, // const assertion
  submit: (arg: string) => console.log(arg),
};
fancyFunction(args1); // okay

const args2 = {
  value: { id: 2 },
  isString: false as const, // const assertion
  submit: (arg: { id: number }) => console.log(arg),
};
fancyFunction(args2); // okay

const args3 = {
  value: { id: 2 },
  isString: false as const, // const assertion
  submit: (arg: string) => console.log(arg),
}
fancyFunction(args3); // error!
// Types of property 'submit' are incompatible

This approach should address your issue. Best of luck with your coding endeavors!

Link to code

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