Understanding the Union Type in Typescript and Its Application in Angular Development

I came across this piece of code:

interface Course {
  code: string;
  name: string;
  user: number | {
    id: number;
    name: string;
  };
}

This indicates that a course object can contain either the user object or the user key. When fetching the course from the backend using an HTTP request, the backend can potentially send either the user key or the user object as part of the course object. This is why the 'user' property is defined with such a type.

this.http.get<Course>('/api.course-endpoint/').subscribe(
  response => {
    const userId = response.user.id;
  }
);

The line const userId = response.user.id; in the above code snippet is resulting in an error.

Error TS2339: Property 'id' does not exist on type 'number | { id: number; name: string; }'.
Property 'id' does not exist on type 'number'.

How can this issue be resolved? And what is causing it to occur?

Answer №1

The scenario presented involves a course with a variable 'user' that can be defined as either a number or an object containing an 'id'.

An appropriate fix for this would involve referencing 'response.course.user' and implementing a conditional check to determine if the user is an object or a number. If it turns out to be a number, consideration should be given to loading it from the server.

Answer №2

To ensure smooth operation and prevent errors, consider utilizing the Object Chaining (?.) operators in your code. These operators validate whether the object contains a specific key. If the key is not found, the variable you assign (userId) will default to undefined. Subsequently, you can implement conditional statements to manage the code execution path without encountering errors.

For more information on Object Chaining, refer to this link: https://developer.mozilla.org/es/docs/Web/JavaScript/Referencia/Operadores/Encadenamiento_opcional

Here is an example showcasing the usage of Object Chaining:

this.http.get<Course>('/api.course-endpoint/').subscribe(
  response => {
    const userId = response?.user?.id;
  }
);

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