Understanding type inference in TypeScript

I'm attempting to grasp the concept of inferring generics in Typescript, but I can't seem to figure out where I'm going wrong. Although my concrete example is too large to include here, I've provided a link to a small TypeScript playground that demonstrates the issue I'm encountering.

Here's the link

In essence, I'm trying to infer a generic parameter from a class hierarchy:

type payloadType = {
    [key:string]: string
}

type specificPayloadB = {
    a: string
}

type specificPayloadC = {
    a: string,
    b: string
}

class A<TPayload extends payloadType = any> {}
class B<TPayload extends specificPayloadB = specificPayloadB> extends A<TPayload> {}
class C extends B<specificPayloadC> {}

type InferKeys<TType> = TType extends A<infer Keys> ? Keys : never;
class extender<
   TType extends A,
   TKeys = InferKeys<TType>
> {}

function getClass<TClass extends A>(): extender<TClass> {
    return new extender<TClass>();
}

let testExtenderB = getClass<B>();
let testExtenderC = getClass<C>();

In the above example, there are no compilation errors. However, upon inspecting the returned variable types with Typescript, testExtenderB is labeled as

extender<B<specificPayloadB>, payloadType>
, which is technically correct. But based on the context provided, it should be more accurately identified as
extender<B<specificPayloadB>, specificPayloadB>
.

The same applies to the testExtenderC variable, which is recognized as extender<C, payloadType> instead of being acknowledged as

extender<C, specificPayloadC>
.

Is there a mistake in my approach? Can the correct identification of variables be achieved without explicitly specifying the types to Typescript?

Answer №1

Typescript features a structural type system where the members of an object type play a crucial role in determining type compatibility. Unused type parameters do not hold much significance in this system, as demonstrated by this FAQ. The absence of utilizing TPayload in A renders the type parameter insignificant within the system, leading to default value assignment during inference in certain scenarios.

However, modifying the scenario by adding a member will result in the expected behavior:

class A<TPayload extends payloadType = any> { p!: TPayload }

For hands-on experimentation and understanding, follow this Playground Link

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