Unraveling the concept of importing modules in TypeScript declaration files and understanding their semantics

A few months back, I crafted a basic TS declaration library known as @types/datadog-winston which is available for viewing here. After using the typings locally and adding them to the DefinitelyTyped repository with successful verifications and tests from the team, my library was successfully published.

Recently, while trying to implement it, I encountered an issue. Upon trying to include my new DatadogWinston(options) object in the list of TransportStream[] as another transport for winston, an error popped up:

Services/Sandbox/sandbox/node_modules/@types/datadog-winston/index.d.ts:19:48 - error TS2339: Property 'TransportStream' does not exist on type 'type TransportStream'.

declare class DatadogWinston extends Transport.TransportStream {
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Services/Sandbox/sandbox/src/logging/logger.ts:32:21 - error TS2345: Argument of type 'DatadogWinston' is not assignable to parameter of type 'TransportStream'.
  Type 'DatadogWinston' is missing the following properties from type 'TransportStream': writable, writableHighWaterMark, writableLength, _write, and 24 more.

transports.push(transport);
                ~~~~~~~~~

Upon further investigation into how other winston transports function, I noticed that each import the module winston-transport differently.

Graylog2

They did it like this:

import * as TransportStream from "winston-transport";

declare class Graylog2Transport extends TransportStream {
  constructor(options?: Graylog2Transport.TransportOptions);
}
...

Contrastingly, winston-loggly-bulk did it like this:

import TransportStream = require('winston-transport');

By switching from the Graylog2 style to the winston-loggly-bulk style, implementing

import TransportStream = require("winston-transport");

All my build errors disappeared. My confusion lies in the differences between these methods of importing modules. While CommonJS used const lib = require('mylib') and ES6 introduced import { Thing } from 'mylib', what exactly is the purpose of import MyLib = require('mylib') in this particular scenario? The various nuances between these techniques are proving challenging for me to grasp.

UPDATE

I attempted to utilize the winston-graylog2 library and encountered the same error! It seems to relate to my local development environment. I am using the latest version of TypeScript (v3.7.5) and facing this issue in both VS Code (with TS Server extension) and when directly running a tsc build from the CLI.

Answer №1

The module documentation provides information on this topic, which can be found here.

By using the syntax

import * as TransportStream from "winston-transport";
, you are bringing in the module namespace object that encapsulates all exports of the module.

On the other hand, with

import Transport = require("winston-transport");
, you are utilizing the TypeScript-specific single object export feature.

[It is possible (though unconfirmed) that

import default as Transport from "winston-transport";
could also function in a similar manner.]

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