Unraveling the Root of Error 2345 in Generics: An In-Depth Analysis

Can you provide an explanation for the error in bar1 but not in bar2? What are the fundamental differences between them?

const foo1 = <E extends (a: unknown)=>void>(e:E)=>console.log(e)

const bar1 = <Arg extends unknown>()=>foo1((a:Arg)=>console.log(a))

const foo2 = <Arg extends unknown>(e:(a: Arg)=>void)=>console.log(e)

const bar2 = <Arg extends unknown>()=>foo2((a:Arg)=>console.log(a))

check out the code snippet here

Answer №1

foo1.E.a is expected to encompass or be equal to unknown, however, bar1.Args is a subset or equal to unknown

foo2.Args should be a subset or at the same level as unknown, while bar2.Args is also contained within or equal to unknown.

Understanding Variance, Covariance, Contravariance, and Bivariance in TypeScript

Answer №2

The solution provided by @lei li is a good starting point, but for a more precise approach, changing 'a' to never makes the code more versatile and "extendable".

const foo2 = <E extends (a: never)=>void>(e:E)=>console.log(e)

const bar2 = <Arg extends unknown>()=>foo2<(a: Arg)=>void>((a)=>console.log(a))

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