Unveiling the mysteries of abstract classes in TypeScript

I have a collection of different animal classes, all derived from a common abstract base class. To illustrate:

abstract class Animal {
  abstract speak(): string;
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  speak(): string {
    return "woof... sigh"
  }
}

class Cat...

All these implementations are stored in an array:

const all = [Cat, Dog];

I want to specify to TypeScript that each item in this array will result in a class instance of Animal when instantiated.

It's worth mentioning that we are passing around the class reference itself, not the object instance – so directly inheriting from the abstract class won't work here.

const all : Array<Animal> = [Cat, Dog]

Strangely enough, I haven't been able to locate any information in the documentation regarding type hinting with the 'new' keyword.

Answer №1

We aim to define a value that, when invoked with new, results in an instance of an Animal. This can be expressed as:

new() => Animal

It bears resemblance to function types (() => Animal).

The complete code snippet would be:

const allAnimals: Array<new() => Animal> = [Cat, Dog];

Alternatively, for better understanding, we can utilize an interface:

interface AnimalCreator {
    new(): Animal;
}

const allAnimals: AnimalCreator[] = [Cat, Dog];

Answer №2

Here is an example of how you can achieve this:

let allAnimals: (typeof Animal)[] = [Cat, Dog]

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