Using String Class Constraint in TypeScript

I am attempting to create a class that includes a string constraint, but I keep encountering an error at the get scale() function.

class Scaling<T extends string> {
  _scale = "";

  constructor(props: T) {
    this._scale = props;
  }

  setScale(scale: T) {
    this._scale = scale;
  }

  get scale(): T {
    return this._scale;
  }

The error states: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'T'. 'string' is assignable to the constraint of type 'T', but 'T' could be instantiated with a different subtype of constraint 'string'. }

Answer №1

It is advisable to eliminate the explicit T return type from get scale(): T.

This is because during initialization, T is inferred as a literal type of argument. Consider the following example:

class Scaling<T extends string> {
    _scale = "";

    constructor(props: T) {
        this._scale = props;
    }

    setScale(scale: T) {
        this._scale = scale;
    }

    get scale(): T {
        return this._scale;
    }
}

// In this case, T is inferred as the literal "hello"
const result = new Scaling('hello')

Therefore, when you intend to return T, it should be "hello".

In your scenario, it cannot be "hello" because the default value of _scale is an empty string and hence it is inferred as a string.

let str = ''

// Type 'string' is not assignable to type '"hello"'
const sameCase = (): 'hello' => str 

You cannot designate T as an explicit type for _scale since types are immutable and _scale is mutable.

This is why it is considered unsafe to return the T type from get scale

Even if I remove the T from the get scale, I still encounter an error when calling const result = new Scaling("hello"); result.setScale("other")

Apologies for the oversight on my part.

To make this class generic, we need to transform the inferred T from a more specific type to a broader one.

type Infer<T> = T extends infer R ? R : never

class Scaling<T extends string> {
  _scale = "";

  constructor(props: Infer<T>) {
    this._scale = props;
  }

  setScale(scale: T) {
    this._scale = scale;
  }

  get scale() {
    return this._scale;
  }
}

// T inferred as the literal "hello"
const result = new Scaling('hello') // ok

result.setScale('123') // ok

Playground

Answer №2

The _ratio variable should ideally be of type S. Here's an example to illustrate this:

class Ratio<S extends number> {
  _ratio = 0 as S;

  constructor(value: S) {
    this._ratio = value;
  }

  setRatio(ratio: S) {
    this._ratio = ratio;
  }

  get ratio(): S {
    return this._ratio;
  }
}

Answer №3

Isn't it more appropriate for _scale to be defined as type T? Therefore, assignment would use a colon (:)

class Scaling<T extends string> {
  _scale: T;

  constructor(props: T) {
    this._scale = props;
  }

  setScale(scale: T) {
    this._scale = scale;
  }

  get scale(): T {
    return this._scale;
  }
}

This is how you would use it:

const scaling = new Scaling('Hello World')
console.log(scaling)

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