Using TypeScript generics with the `keyof` operator may result in rejection

I created a custom method using the RXJS library which looks like this :

function Subject<T>(t: T):T {
    return t;
}

In addition, I defined an interface that specifies the structure of my application values. Additional keys can be added to this interface.

interface IState { 
    key1: number;
    key2: string;
}

Lastly, I have a Store object that conforms to the IState interface by utilizing the generic function wrapper (which serves as an alias for the RXJS subject).

let Store  : IState=  Subject<IState>({  
    key1: void 0,
    key2: void 0,

})

Let's now implement two methods for getting and setting values in the store:

Setting a value in the store:

 function set<T>(name: keyof IState, statePart: T) {
        Store={
            ...Store,
            [name]: statePart 
        };

Usage example: set<string>("key1", "3");

This function allows us to use only valid keys that belong to the IState interface without any errors.

However, when we look at the Select method:

(the correct call should be in this format: )

let myVal:number = select<number>("key1");

Here is the implementation of the Select method:

function select<T>(k: keyof IState): T { 
    return <T>Store[k];  // <-- error here
}

The error message states that 'string | number' cannot be converted to type 'T'. The Type 'number' is not comparable to type 'T'.

Question:

Why is this happening? If I remove the keyof keyword:

function select<T>(k): T { 
    return <T>Store[k];
}

The code compiles without issues, but it doesn't seem logical since Store is defined as type Istate which contains the keys specified in Istate.

How can I make the select method enforce selection of only keys from Istate?

ONLINE DEMO

Answer №1

The issue at hand is that the variable k can represent any key of the object IState, making it impossible to guarantee compatibility between Store[k] and T. One solution could be adjusting the generic parameter to represent the key and then specifying the result type based on the field's type:

function fetchValue<K extends keyof IState>(k: K): IState[K] { 
    return Store[k];
}
let data = fetchValue("key1"); // data will have a number type

To enhance the set function, we can eliminate explicit generic parameters and ensure that the value provided to set aligns with the field type:

function modifyValue<K extends keyof IState>>(name: K, newValue: IState[K]) {
    Store={
        ...Store,
        [name]: newValue 
    }
}

modifyValue("key2", 5);

Edit

If you wish to view the inferred types, you can hover over the function call (especially in vscode):

https://i.sstatic.net/M3asB.png

In case you prefer maintaining explicit type parameters, although not recommended due to potential mismatch issues between field type and call type, you can apply a type assertion using any:

function fetchNewValue<T>(k: keyof IState): T { 
    return Store[k] as any;
}

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