Utilizing TypeScript Partials: Efficiently transferring selected fields between objects

I'm currently developing a feature that fetches a list of products from an E-commerce API and I want to enhance it by allowing users to request specific fields from the products while eliminating any unnecessary ones.

This is the snippet of code in question:

    interface Product {
     images: string[],
     title: string;
     id: number;
     currency: string;
     price: number;
     created: string | Date;
     description: string; 
    }
    
    const getProducts = (selectedProperties: (keyof Product)[]) => {

      // Assume this is an API call to retrieve a list of products 
      const products: Product[] = [
                        {
                            id: 1,
                            images: [],
                            title: 'a shirt',
                            currency: "USD",
                            price: 10,
                            created: "2021-04-29T11:21:53.386Z",
                            description: "Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit..."
                         }
                     ];

    if(selectedProperties?.length){
        return products.map(product => {
            const result: Partial<Product> = {};

            selectedProperties.forEach(prop => {
                result[prop] = product[prop]; // <--- This line returns the error: Type 'string | number | string[] | Date' is not assignable to type 'undefined'. Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'undefined'
            })

            return result;
        })
    }

    return products;
}

If you'd like to see the TypeScript error for yourself, here is the link to the code sandbox: link (check line 30)

Can someone help me figure out what mistake I am making here that is leading to the TypeScript error?

Answer №1

The issue lies in the fact that the compiler automatically detects the type of prop as keyof Product, which is a broad type encompassing multiple string possibilities. Despite your understanding that result[prop] = product[prop] should work flawlessly because they both pertain to the same value named prop, the compiler only sees the types involved, not the actual values. The compiler cannot differentiate between this scenario and something like result[prop2] = product[prop1] where both prop2 and prop1 are keyof T. It's clear that such a line would be incorrect unless constraints are placed on prop1 and

prop2</code to ensure they have the exact literal key type.</p>
<p>This serves as a challenge within TypeScript, with ongoing discussions surrounding the enhancing of soundness versus incidents similar to what's described here. A specific issue related to copying properties remains open for debate. An available comment indicates awareness from the TS team regarding the matter and hints at potential support for transferring properties from one object to another in the future. However, the timing and certainty of these developments remain uncertain. Participating in discussions or providing positive feedback may help, but the impact is uncertain.</p>
<hr />
<p>To address this dilemma currently, it's recommended to transform the callback function into a <a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/generics.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">generic</a> approach by implementing <code>K extends keyof Product
and declaring prop as type K:

selectedProperties.forEach(<K extends keyof Product>(prop: K) => {
  result[prop] = product[prop];  // no error
})

This adjustment resolves the error. Technically, this solution presents a similar issue since there is no prevention of K being the entire union keyof Product, yet the compiler specifically permits assignments from Product[K] to Product[K] through generic K, allowing for some potential unsoundness.

View code in TypeScript Playground

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