Utilizing TypeScript to determine the return type of functions based on the generic argument of its base class, and then applying the inferred type as the argument type for the

I am in need of an invoker function that will call factories for generating class instances based on a specified base class. The base class includes a generic parameter which is used as the type for the constructors first and only argument.

class ServiceBase<TArg = unknown> {
    constructor(protected arg: TArg) {}
}

class NumberService extends ServiceBase<number> {}

The factory function should be defined as an inline function without explicit typings. It should accept one argument, with its type inferred from the base class' generic argument in the constructed class.

For example:

invokeFactory((arg) => new NumberService(arg))

In the given example, since the factory returns a NumberService which extends ServiceBase<number>, the argument should be inferred as type number.

I have attempted to infer the Service type and Arg type successfully. However, when I specify the arg type in the function instead of using any, the Service type inference is not accurate:

Test code:

const invokeFactory = <
    TService extends ServiceBase,
    TArg = TService extends ServiceBase<infer T> ? T : never
>(
    factory: (arg: any /* Dont use TArg*/) => TService
): [TService, TArg] => {
    const magicArg: TArg = null!; // for simplification

    return [factory(magicArg), magicArg];
};

const [numberService, arg] = invokeFactory((x) => new NumberService(x));

numberService is inferred correctly as NumberService and arg as number.

If there is a way to achieve this?

Answer №1

The interaction between generic type argument inference and contextual typing in TypeScript can sometimes present limitations or missing features. The success of this process relies heavily on the specific order in which TypeScript analyzes expressions, leading to situations where things may not work as expected. While many common cases are effectively handled, there are instances where issues arise. A comprehensive open GitHub issue at microsoft/TypeScript#47599 addresses these challenges, with ongoing progress reported. However, without a complete overhaul of TypeScript's inference algorithm (refer to microsoft/TypeScript#30134), such gaps may persist.


Typically, the type of expressions like x => f(x) or x => new C(x) is determined by the type of the input variable x. Given that functions and constructors can be generic or overloaded, the output type may vary based on the input parameter. At present, the compiler does not conduct thorough analysis to validate this dependency for a given function f or constructor C.

It is desirable for:

invokeFactory(x => new NumberService(x))

to undergo the following analysis:

  • The type of x => new NumberService(x) relies on x, while the return type might not. This evaluation signifies that regardless of the constructor arguments, a NumberService instance is always generated by the NumberService constructor. (although this assessment is not performed)
  • Hence, the expression new NumberService(x) resolves into type NumberService irrespective of x's type.
  • Consequently, x => new NumberService(x) yields NumberService.
  • As a result, TService should infer NumberService.
  • This infers that
    TService extends ServiceBase<infer T> ? T : never)
    equates to number.
  • Thus, x => new NumberService(x) is categorized as
    (arg: number) => NumberService
    .
  • The callback parameter x is contextually typed as number.
  • Accordingly, new NumberService(x) is deemed valid.

However, this sequence of events departs from the actual course of action taken:

  • The type determination of x => new NumberService(x) hinges on x, with uncertainty about whether the return type is linked to the input type. Upon encountering new NumberService(x), an intertwined relationship with x prompts deferral of evaluation until the latter's type is identified.
  • x receives contextual typing through
    (arg: TService extends ServiceBase<infer T> ? T : never)
    , necessitating further inquiry into this type assessment.
  • To proceed, it becomes imperative to resolve TService.
  • Unfortunately, no known types exist for TService, rendering inference unattainable. Consequently, resorting to ServiceBase constraint akin to ServiceBase<unknown> becomes inevitable.
  • Therefore,
    TService extends ServiceBase<infer T> ? T : never
    aligns with unknown.
  • Subsequently, x adopts the type unknown.
  • Regrettably, new NumberService(x) becomes non-compliant under these circumstances.

Perhaps enhancements will address your particular scenario in due course; however, overarching challenges may persist. It remains essential to handle such scenarios directly, whether by explicitly specifying type arguments like

invokeFactory<NumberService>(x => new NumberService(x))
, annotating the callback parameter as
invokeFactory((x: number) => new NumberService(x))
, or employing alternative strategies to overcome these obstacles.

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