Utilizing Typescript's pattern matching for subtypes of string literal types

export interface Action{
    type: string;
}

    export interface LoadTodos {
      type: "LOAD_TODOS_ACTION"
    }

    export interface AddTodo {
      type: "ADD_TODO_ACTION",
      todo: Todo
    }

export type KnownAction = LoadTodos | LoadTodosSuccess | AddTodo;

function isSomeType<T extends KnownAction>(x: any): x is T {
    return x && typeof (x.type) === "LOAD_TODOS_ACTION";
}


let knownAction: actions.KnownAction = { type: "LOAD_TODOS_ACTION" };


if (isSomeType(knownAction)) {
    let loadTodosAction = knownAction; // load Todos type
}

I'm hoping for the desired outcome as described above. To avoid repeating if-else statements within the isSomeType function, I aim to achieve this in a more generic manner. Essentially, my goal is to convert a string literal type into the corresponding type based on the 'type' property. My initial approach was:

function isSomeType<T extends Action>(x: any): x is T {
    type p1 = T['type'];
    return x && typeof (x.type) === p1;
}

However, an error message indicates that 'p1' is used only as a type and not as a variable. Is there a method to accomplish this task?

Answer №1

Unexpectedly, the solution is to not take any action.

function confirmType<T extends KnownAction>(value: T): T {
    return value;
}

Essentially, TypeScript will automatically determine the type whenever a function with the specified signature is invoked.

UPDATE:

 let knownAction: actions.KnownAction = { type: "LOAD_TODOS_ACTION" }; // KnownAction type
 let knownAction2 = confirmType(knownAction) // LoadTodosAction type

Answer №2

While it's not a definitive solution, I don't think it can be done in this case.

The recommended approach would likely involve using a switch statement based on the discriminating member.

In reviewing your code, it appears you may be losing sight of where type information is being lost. The typeof operator won't provide meaningful results here. It operates at runtime, so even if you specify type: "LOAD_TODOS_ACTION", the result of typeof x.type will always be string, which might not be helpful to you. A string literal type indicates that only that specific string value is acceptable, rather than introducing a new type.

To achieve your goal, we would need access to compile-time type information for an interface member. As far as I know, there isn't currently a way to accomplish this. While it may become possible in the future, for now I believe it's not feasible.

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