Ways to ensure the proper utilization of the keyword "this" during compilation when transmitting functions

When sending methods to other classes, a common issue is the context of this getting mixed up. Take a look at this straightforward example:

class Counter {
    public count: number
    private callMyCallback: CallMyCallback
    constructor() {
        this.count = 0

        // works 
        this.callMyCallback = new CallMyCallback(() => this.countFunctionCalls())
        // doesn't work (Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'count'))
        this.callMyCallback = new CallMyCallback(this.countFunctionCalls)
    }
    private countFunctionCalls() {
        console.log("Callback called")
        this.count = this.count + 1;
    }
}

class CallMyCallback {
    constructor(callback: ()=> void) {
        callback();
    }
}

const counter = new Counter()
console.log(counter.count)

The issue here is that both methods of passing the callback function to callMyCallback are compiled without any error or warning. Using this incorrectly can only be identified when actually running the application. I haven't come across any relevant tsconfig setting or useful solution yet. Is there any configuration/library available to enforce the proper usage of this?

Answer №1

Regrettably, TypeScript does not currently have built-in support for strict enforcement of this context. There has been a long-standing request for this feature at microsoft/TypeScript#7968, but it remains unimplemented due to the challenges in maintaining compiler performance.

To achieve the desired checking on individual methods and functions, you can annotate them with appropriate this parameters. However, this annotation process is manual and does not occur automatically:

class CallMyCallback {
  constructor(callback: (this: void) => void) {
    // add ------------> ^^^^^^^^^^
    callback();
  }
}

class Counter {
  private countFunctionCalls(this: Counter) {
    // add ----------------> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    console.log("Callback called")
    this.count = this.count + 1;
  }

  public count: number
  private callMyCallback: CallMyCallback

  constructor() {
    this.count = 0

    this.callMyCallback = new CallMyCallback(() => this.countFunctionCalls()) // okay
    this.callMyCallback = new CallMyCallback(this.countFunctionCalls) // error!
    // ------------------------------------> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    //   The 'this' types of each signature are incompatible.
  }
}

As of now, this manual annotation approach is the closest solution available. Nonetheless, it comes with its drawbacks as developers need to remember to add these checks. Ideally, developers would avoid passing around unbound methods altogether if they were aware of this requirement.

If you wish to see a change in this behavior, you can visit the issue at microsoft/TypeScript#7968, leave a thumbs up 👍, and provide feedback on your specific use case and why the existing workarounds do not meet your needs. While this may not guarantee immediate action given the volume of feature requests, it doesn't hurt to voice your opinion on the matter.

Playground link to code

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