Ways to restrict data types within function parameters

Can you validate types of one argument based on another argument in functions? Consider this example:

interface Data {
  id?: number;
  name?: string;
}

let data : Data = {};

// I am unsure how to make the "value" argument strict
function update(field : keyof Data, value) {
  data[field] = value;
}

update('id', 0);             // [1] success
update('name', 'foo');       // [2] success
update('id', 'some string'); // [3] FAIL ("id" must be a number)
update('name', 123);         // [4] FAIL ("name" must be a string)
update('other', 123);        // [5] FAIL ("other" is not a valid argument)

I am uncertain if it is achievable in this way. In the provided example, only call number [5] will result in failure.

Answer №1

To add a generic that can represent any key within the Data object, use Data[K] to retrieve the type of K.

function update<K extends keyof Data>(field: K, value: Data[K]) {
   data[field] = value;
}

When using this code snippet, scenarios 1 and 2 will compile successfully while scenarios 3, 4, and 5 will result in a compile error.

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