What are the reasons for an object potentially being undefined following a *ngIf evaluation in Angular 14?

There is a scenario where we have an object defined by an interface, with the option for both category and its nested name:

export interface Product {
  category?: {
    name?: string,
  }
}

The objective now is to display an element only if both the category and its name are present:

<h1 *ngIf="product.category?.name">{{ product.category.name }}</h1>

However, this code snippet results in an error:

TS2532: Object is possibly 'undefined'.

<h1 *ngIf="product.category?.name">{{ product.category.name }}</h1>`<br>
                                                       ~~~~

There are alternative solutions to address this issue:

<h1 *ngIf="product.category?.name">{{ product.category?.name }}</h1>
<h1 *ngIf="product.category && product.category.name">{{ product.category.name }}</h1>

This raises the question: Why does the initial solution fail to work as expected?

Answer №1

Make sure to handle undefined values in ngIf:

<h1 *ngIf="product.category?.name">{{ product.category.name }}</h1>

To prevent errors, use the safe navigation operator ? when accessing nested properties like {{product.category.name}}.

In strict mode, not handling undefined values can cause runtime issues.

You can modify the code to:

<h1 *ngIf="product.category?.name">{{ product.category?.name }}</h1>

This way, JavaScript knows to ignore the expression if product.category is undefined.

For added safety, consider using a fallback option:

<h1 *ngIf="product.category?.name">{{ product.category?.name ?? 'CATEGORY_OR_CATEGORYNAME_NAME_NOT_FOUND' }}</h1>

You can explore more about the nullish coalescing operator ??, which is useful for handling missing values in JavaScript/TypeScript.

If you only want to display when product.category exists:

<h1 *ngIf="product && product.category">{{ product.category.name }}</h1>

This conditional ensures that {{product.category.name}} will only be accessed if product.category exists, avoiding any errors.

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