What causes a union with a conditionally assigned property to lead to more relaxed types than anticipated?

Take a look at this TypeScript code snippet:

const test = Math.random() < 0.5 ? { a: 1, b: 2 } : {};

Based on the code above, I would assume the type of object 'test' to be:

const test: {
  a: number;
  b: number;
} | {}

This is the most strict type description for the object - either it has two properties if the conditional is true, or no properties if it's false.

However, upon checking the actual type, I see:

const test: {
  a: number;
  b: number;
} | {
  a?: undefined;
  b?: undefined;
}

This seems incorrect as there is no case where properties can exist with undefined values.

Another scenario:

https://i.stack.imgur.com/j39iX.png

In this example, I define a type where the 'items' property may not exist or may have a defined value. But upon inspection, the type allows 'items' to exist as a property with a value of undefined.

What am I missing in terms of TypeScript's assurances about typesafety?

Answer №1

When it comes to optional properties, Typescript tends to be a bit lenient by default. It fails to differentiate between properties that have not been defined at all and those that are explicitly set to undefined. By enabling the exactOptionalPropertyTypes option, you can ensure your types are more precise, such as

test: { a: number; b: number } | { a?: never; b?: never }
.

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