What causes this conditional type to function correctly in a static context while failing in a dynamic setting

I have created a unique conditional type that accurately generates a union of valid array indices:

type ArrayIndices<
  N extends any[],
  Acc extends number[] = []
> = Acc['length'] extends N['length']
  ? Acc[number]
  : ArrayIndices<N, [...Acc, Acc['length']]>;


type Indices = ArrayIndices<['x', 'y', 'z']>; 
// type Indices = 0 | 1 | 2

Furthermore, I have implemented it to modify the path creation conditional type on another page in order to handle arrays:

type Path<T, Key = keyof T> = Key extends keyof T
  ? T[Key] extends unknown[]
    ? `${Key & string}[${ArrayIndices<T[Key]>}]` | `${Key & string}`
    : T[Key] extends object
    ? T[Key] extends infer R
      ? `${Key & string}.${Path<R, keyof R>}` | `${Key & string}`
      : never
    : `${Key & string}`
  : never;

type Paths = Path<{ data: ['x', 'y', 'z'] }>; 
// type Paths = "data" | "data[0]" | "data[1]" | "data[2]"

However, when attempting to apply it dynamically, there is a failure (testFunction will only accept data as a valid path prop, not other options like data[0]):

const testObject = { data: ['x', 'y', 'z'] };

const testFunction = <T, P extends Path<T>>(obj: T, path: P) => {};

testFunction(testObject, 'data[0]');
// Argument of type '"data[0]"' is not assignable to parameter of type '"data"'

What could be causing this issue and how can it be resolved?

Answer №1

The distinction between "static" and "dynamic" application of conditional types is not pertinent here. The issue lies in your applications of these concepts to different types, leading to disparate outcomes.

The main challenge arises from testObject being of type {arr: string[]}, which lacks information on potential numeric indices existing within arr. If you wish to retain this data, it is crucial to be meticulous in how types are inferred. One solution involves using a const assertion with your array literal:

const testObject = { arr: ['a', 'b', 'c'] as const};
// const testObject: { arr: readonly ["a", "b", "c"]; }

This adjustment brings you closer to your original test scenario, although the array now becomes a readonly tuple instead of a mutable one. Your utility types do not adequately handle readonly array types, but this can be rectified by replacing unknown[] and any[] with readonly unknown[] and readonly any[] respectively, since readonly arrays encompass read-write arrays:

(...) // Omitted for brevity

Following these modifications, everything aligns as anticipated:

testFunction(testObject, 'arr[0]'); // successful execution

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