What is causing the malfunction in this overloaded function signature?

Encountering an issue when attempting to declare an overloading function type with a full type signature in TypeScript.

For example:

// Full type signatures for functions
type CreateElement = {
    (tag : 'a') : HTMLAnchorElement,
    (tag : 'canvas') : HTMLCanvasElement,
    (tag : 'table') : HTMLTableElement,
    (tag:string) : HTMLElement
}


// Implementing the functions
let createElement:CreateElement = (tag:string):HTMLElement => {
    return document.createElement(tag)
}


/* Error message: 
Type '(tag: string) => HTMLElement' is not assignable to type 'CreateElement'.
  Type 'HTMLElement' is missing properties such as charset, coords, download, hreflang, etc.
*/

However, this alternative approach works fine:

function createElement(tag:'a'):HTMLAnchorElement
function createElement(tag:'canvas'):HTMLCanvasElement
function createElement(tag:'table'):HTMLTableElement
function createElement(tag:string):HTMLElement
function createElement(tag:string) {
    return document.createElement(tag)
}

Answer №1

To ensure the output type of the createElement function is dependent on its input type parameters, it is recommended to utilize generic types instead of concrete types.

There are two ways to implement this:

function createCustomElement<T extends keyof HTMLElementTagNameMap>
(tag: T, options?: ElementCreationOptions): HTMLElementTagNameMap[T] {
    return document.createElement(tag, options);
}

OR:

type CustomCreateElement<T extends HTMLElement = HTMLElement> = {
    <R extends string>(tag: R, options?: {}): T
}

let customElement: CustomCreateElement = (tag: string, options?: {}) => {
    return document.createElement(tag, options);
}

customElement('a');
customElement('canvas');

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