What is the best way to execute an asynchronous request in AngularJs and Typescript?

Despite its simplicity, I can't seem to find an answer to this question as I am relatively new to Javascript, Typescript, and Angular. I have searched extensively without success.

My objective is to send a basic request to a server and handle the response. Specifically, I am working on integrating OAuth authentication: https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth2UserAgent#validatetoken

I have come across mentions of $http.get, but I am unsure how to implement this within Typescript. Some sources suggest using JQuery promises, but I believe that should not be necessary when working with Angular.

After inspecting my angular.d.ts file, it appears that I should utilize the IHttpService, but I am unsure how to create an instance of it. Additionally, how do I apply generics to the get method? An example illustrating these steps would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you in advance for your assistance.

Answer №1

Researching how to implement OAuth specifically with Angular can be done by starting with a simple Google search for 'angular oauth'. The first result usually leads to a helpful tutorial such as this one:

It's worth noting that there are likely existing maintained modules available for implementing OAuth, so it may be beneficial to explore those options as well.

Edit When calling async endpoints using TypeScript and Angular, avoid using jQuery alongside Angular. For beginners in JavaScript or those new to Angular, it's generally advisable to refrain from incorporating jQuery into Angular development. Controllers and Services in Angular act as prototype constructors expressed as classes in TypeScript. Any class registered with the service() method in Angular is automatically treated as a singleton.

For example:

// defining a TypeScript module
// encapsulating code to prevent global scope pollution
// note that angular modules differ 
module app {

    // exporting the class allows accessing its API from tests without directly instantiating it
    // use $injector.get('myService') instead of direct instantiation in tests
    export class MyService {

        static $inject = ['$http']; 
        constructor(private $http: ng.IHttpService) {}

            getMyEndpoint() {
                return this.$http.get('http://myendpoint.com/myendpoint');
            }
    }

    // registering the class as a singleton service
    angular.module('app').service('myService', MyService);
}

Similar concepts apply to controllers where a previously created singleton service is utilized:

module app {

    export class MyController {

        data: MyData[];

        static $inject = ['myService'];
        constructor(myService: MyService) {
            myService.getMyEndpoint().then(
                 (data) => {
                     this.data = data;
                 }
            );
        }

    }
    angular.module('app').controller('MyController', MyController);
}

Notice that $scope is not passed into the controller, and results of service calls are placed on public properties within the class for easy access using the controllerAs syntax. This approach eliminates scope inheritance issues associated with binding to scopes directly, thereby enhancing code maintainability.

Camel-case naming convention distinguishes services (e.g., myServcie) as singletons compared to pascal-case for controllers (e.g., MyController). Singleton instances are shared among components, while new instances are generated upon retrieval for controllers.

To ensure testability of class APIs without manual instantiation, consider wrapping your application in a closure at build time, which tools like Uglifyjs can assist with.

For further guidance and tutorials on Angular and TypeScript, searching for 'basarat angular typescript' will yield plenty of resources from @basarat.

Answer №2

Here is an illustration of how I set up the Service:

module MyApp.MyModule
{
    export class SecuritySvc
    {
        private root : string;

        static $inject = ["$http"];

        constructor(private $http: ng.IHttpService)
        {
            this.root = "api/";
        }

        public getRoles()
        : ng.IHttpPromise<IRole[]>
        {
            var url = this.root + "Security/Roles";
            return this.$http.get(url, { withCredentials: true });
        }
        ...
        // many others
    }
}

This method allows us to incorporate it into Angular

angular.module("MyApp.MyModule")
    .service("SecuritySvc", MyApp.MyModule.SecuritySvc)

Then we can utilize it like this, such as in my controller

module MyApp.MyModule
{
    export interface IMyScope extends ng.IScope
    {
        Roles:  IRole[];
    }

    export class MyCtrl
    {
        static $inject = ['$scope', "SecuritySvc", ...];

        constructor(public $scope: ng.IRootScopeService
                  , public SecuritySvc: SecuritySvc
                  , ... )
        {
            SecuritySvc
                .getRoles()
                .then((response: ng.IHttpPromiseCallbackArg<IRole[]>) =>
                {
                    var roles = response.data;
                    this.$scope.Roles = roles;
                    ...

The controller is structured like this:

angular.module('MyApp.MyModule')
    .controller('MyCtrl', MyApp.MyModule.MyCtrl); 

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