What is the best way to leverage Typescript's declaration merging along with an interface imported from an external module?

https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/declaration-merging.html

The hyperlink provided above offers insights into declaration merging using interfaces. It's something I'm interested in exploring further, particularly with interfaces that have a generic component. Currently, I am working with Typescript version 3.0.3.

Although my code achieves the desired functionality, I find myself puzzled by the inability to achieve the same outcome through declaration merging.

interface MyRouteComponentProps<P, C extends StaticContext = StaticContext> extends RouteComponentProps<P, C> {
    loadCandidateFromQueryParam: (candidateId: number) => void
}

class CandidateDetailContainer extends React.Component<MyRouteComponentProps<RouteMatchProps>, {}> {

    public componentWillMount() {
        this.props.loadCandidateFromQueryParam(Number(this.props.match.params.candidateId));
    }

Why does this approach not work as expected?

interface RouteComponentProps<P, C extends StaticContext = StaticContext> {
    loadCandidateFromQueryParam: (candidateId: number) => void
}

class CandidateDetailContainer extends React.Component<RouteComponentProps<RouteMatchProps>, {}> {

Instead of merging them, it appears to completely override the entire definition of RouteComponentProps. This results in errors regarding unused parameters P and C, which should be resolved if the definitions were merged correctly. Additionally, there is an error about the absence of the "match" field, despite it being present in the original definition.

Here is the original definition I am attempting to merge with for reference:

export interface RouteComponentProps<P, C extends StaticContext = StaticContext> {
  history: H.History;
  location: H.Location;
  match: match<P>;
  staticContext: C | undefined;
}

Answer №1

When I try to add the necessary imports in your second example:

import * as React from "react";
import { RouteComponentProps, StaticContext } from "react-router";

I encounter an error specifically with the import of RouteComponentProps.

You cannot combine content with an imported symbol (interface, namespace, etc.) by defining a local symbol with the same name; this will either result in an error or overshadow the imported symbol. To merge definitions, they must be within the same scope. If you want to merge content into a symbol from a module, you can use module augmentation to place your definition within the original module's scope:

declare module "react-router" {
    interface RouteComponentProps<Params, C extends StaticContext = StaticContext> {
        loadCandidateFromQueryParam: (candidateId: number) => void
    }
}

(This is considered module augmentation because it is nested within another module. It may seem complex, but that's how it works.) Note that the type parameter names must match those in the original interface.

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