What is the ideal timing to incorporate an error handler in an Observable?

I find myself uncertain about the best practices for error handling in general. For instance, if I'm already handling errors in my service using catchError, is it necessary to also include an error handler in my subscription?

Here's an example of an http method in my service that utilizes catchError:

  deleteTask(id: number): Observable<any>{

    return this.http.delete(this.tasksUrl+'/'+`${id}`)
    .pipe(
      catchError(this.handleError)
    );
  }

  private handleError(res: HttpErrorResponse | any) {
    console.error(res.error || res.body.error);
    return observableThrowError(res.error || 'Server error');
  }

And in my component:

delete(id: number){
    this.deleteService.deleteTask(id).subscribe(
      (val) => {
         /*post processing functionality not relevant to this question 
         */
       }
    );
  }

The angular documentation https://angular.io/guide/observables notes that the error handler in a subscription is optional:

myObservable.subscribe(
  x => console.log('Observer got a next value: ' + x),
  err => console.error('Observer got an error: ' + err),
  () => console.log('Observer got a complete notification')
);

Therefore, in my case, would adding an error handler to my subscription provide additional benefits? For example:

delete(id: number){
    this.deleteService.deleteTask(id).subscribe(
      (val) => {
         /*post processing functionality not relevant to this question 
         */
       },
      err => console.error('Observer got an error: ' + err)
    );

Could this catch errors that were missed by the catchError function in my service? It almost seems like a good practice to always include the error handler, so why is it considered optional? When should one opt for a subscription error handler over alternative error handling approaches?

Answer №1

Dealing with errors in your application is a key consideration,

  1. If you prefer to display a more user-friendly error message instead of the default server error, you can implement an error handler in the service so that consumers receive the custom error message.
  // taken from your question
  deleteTask(id: number): Observable<any>{

    return this.http.delete(this.tasksUrl+'/'+`${id}`)
    .pipe(
      catchError(this.handleError)
    );
  }

  private handleError(res: HttpErrorResponse | any) {
    console.error(res.error || res.body.error);
    return observableThrowError(res.error || 'Server error');
  }
  1. If not, the error handling can be left to the consumer (service/component) rather than within the service code itself.
  deleteTask(id: number): Observable<any>{
    return this.http.delete(this.tasksUrl+'/'+`${id}`);
  }

  // component
  ...
   this.service.deleteTask(id).subscribe(success,(err) => {
      // example
      alert(err.message);
   });
  ...
  1. To manage common HTTP errors (500, 401, 403, 404), consider implementing a HttpInterceptor to avoid repetitive error handling logic.
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { 
  HttpEvent, HttpRequest, HttpHandler, HttpInterceptor, HttpErrorResponse 
} from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable, throwError } from 'rxjs';
import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';

@Injectable()
export class MyAppHttpInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {

    return next.handle(request).pipe(
      catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => {
        if (error.status === 401) {
          // redirect to login page
        } else {
          return throwError(error);
        }
      })
    );    
  }
}
  1. If you need to log errors to the server or display custom error messages on screen during development or debugging, consider creating a global error handler service that extends Angular's existing ErrorHandler service.
    import { ErrorHandler } from '@angular/core';

    @Injectable()
    export class GlobalErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

      handleError(error) {
        // custom error handling logic here   
      }
    }

Answer №2

Will it capture any errors that weren't caught by my catchError function?

No, you are simply rethrowing the same error. However, if your subscription does not have an error handler, you will encounter an exception if the error is not handled. It is recommended to either include an error handler in your subscription or pass an observable with no data.

const { throwError, of } = rxjs;
const { catchError } = rxjs.operators;

throwError('error').pipe(catchError(error => {
  console.log('Caught error - ', error);
  return of(null);
})).subscribe(value => { console.log('No need for error handler'); });

throwError('error').pipe(catchError(e => {
  console.log('Caught error - ', e);
  return throwError(e);
})).subscribe(value => {}, error => { console.log('Subscription handled the error - ', error); });
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/rxjs/6.5.3/rxjs.umd.min.js"></script>

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