What is the importance of injecting a service through a constructor in Angular 2?

I've been diving into Angular 2 and finding myself puzzled by the constructor. Let's take a look at the following code snippet:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup,FormsModule,FormControl } from '@angular/forms';
import { WeatherService } from '../weather.service';
import { WeatherItem } from '../weather-item';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-weather-search',
  templateUrl: './weather-search.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['../../assets/app.css'],
  //providers: [WeatherService]
})
export class WeatherSearchComponent implements OnInit {

 constructor(private _weatherService : WeatherService) { }

  onSubmit(form : FormGroup){
    //alert(form.value.location);
    this._weatherService.searchWeatherData(form.value.location)
    .subscribe(
        data => {
            const weatherItem = new WeatherItem(data.data.request["0"].query,data.data.weather["0"].maxtempC,data.data.weather["0"].maxtempC);
            this._weatherService.addWeatherItems(weatherItem);
            console.log(form);
        })

  } 

  ngOnInit() {
  }

}

In this code snippet, we are injecting 'WeatherService' in the constructor. But is it possible to achieve the same result outside the constructor? What exactly is the role of the constructor here? Do we really need it in this context?

Answer №1

The initialization process itself doesn't involve any actual work being done.
When Angular initializes a new WeatherSearchComponent, it executes the following:

new WeatherSearchComponent(weatherService);

This action causes the constructor within the WeatherSearchComponent to receive the value of weatherService.

Within the constructor,

constructor(private _weatherService : WeatherService)

an instance field called _weatherService is generated and initialized with the value that was passed through Dependency Injection.

The constructor is crucial as it's the only point where we can be sure that the injected service is available or not.

If the service were to be assigned to a field, setter, or method outside of the constructor, there could be issues because the constructor runs before external code has the opportunity to set these values.

Likewise, code outside of the constructor cannot rely on the service being available because it might be executed from the constructor before external dependencies are fully established.

In terms of dependency injection, passing dependencies to the constructor is vital in order to simplify the code and avoid unnecessary complexity.

Answer №2

It's always recommended to use Dependency Injection in the constructor when creating a component. This ensures that the component receives the weatherService as a parameter during initialization. For better understanding, below is the transpiled code for your snippet.

var WeatherSearchComponent = (function () {
        function WeatherSearchComponent(_weatherService) {
            this._weatherService = _weatherService;
        }
        WeatherSearchComponent.prototype.onSubmit = function (form) {
            var _this = this;
            //alert(form.value.location);
            this._weatherService.searchWeatherData(form.value.location)
                .subscribe(function (data) {
                var weatherItem = new weather_item_1.WeatherItem(data.data.request["0"].query, data.data.weather["0"].maxtempC, data.data.weather["0"].maxtempC);
                _this._weatherService.addWeatherItems(weatherItem);
                console.log(form);
            });
        };
        WeatherSearchComponent.prototype.ngOnInit = function () {
        };
        WeatherSearchComponent = __decorate([
            core_1.Component({
                selector: 'app-weather-search',
                templateUrl: './weather-search.component.html',
                styleUrls: ['../../assets/app.css'],
            })
        ], WeatherSearchComponent);
        return WeatherSearchComponent;
    }());
    exports.WeatherSearchComponent = WeatherSearchComponent;

The javascript code shows how the weatherService Instance is passed to the function weatherSearchComponent during its execution.

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