What is the method to specify optional typing in TypeScript?

Is there a way to make a type optional in Typescript?

Here is the code snippet I am using:

const A = <T>(value: T) => new Clazz(value);
const B = <U>(value: U) => new Clazz(undefined, value);

class Clazz<T, U> {
  constructor(private a?: T, private b?: U) {}

  public map<Z>(callback: (value: T) => Z): Clazz<Z, U> {
    return this.a 
      ? A(callback(this.a)) 
      : B(this.b);
  } 
}

However, this code is throwing an error:

Type 'Clazz<Z, {}> | Clazz<undefined, U | undefined>' is not assignable to type 'Clazz<Z, U>'. 
Type 'Clazz<Z, {}>' is not assignable to type 'Clazz<Z, U>'. 
Type '{}' is not assignable to type 'U'.

What would be the most effective solution to resolve this issue?

This is how my tsconfig.json file is configured:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "baseUrl": "",
    "declaration": true,
    "lib": ["es6", "dom"],
    "mapRoot": "./src",
    "module": "es2015",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "noEmitHelpers": true,
    "noImplicitAny": true,
    "noImplicitReturns": true,
    "noImplicitThis": true,
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "strictNullChecks": true,
    "suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true,
    "target": "es2015",
    "typeRoots": [
      "./node_modules/@types"
    ]
  }
}

Answer №1

One issue arises from the fact that the return type of the map function doesn't align with the return type expected by method A, as A doesn't offer the necessary constructor parameters for the Clazz class. To overcome this, you can apply a similar workaround used for method B, wherein you provide an undefined or null value as the second parameter in the Clazz constructor:

const A = <T>(value: T) => new Clazz(value, null);
const B = <U>(value: U) => new Clazz(null, value);

class Clazz<T, U> {
  constructor(private a?: T, private b?: U|null) {}

  public map<Z>(callback: (value: T|undefined) => Z): Clazz<Z|null, U> {
    return this.a 
      ? A(callback(this.a)) 
      : B(this.b);
  } 
}

Answer №2

I'm finding it a bit challenging to comprehend the purpose behind your approach at the moment, so I would appreciate it if you could clarify.

One potential solution to address your issue is by structuring your code in a parametric manner as shown below:

const X = <T>(value: T) => new MyClass(value, null);
const Y = <U>(value: U) => new MyClass(null, value);

class MyClass<T, U> {
  constructor(private first?: T, private second?: U | null) {}

  public modify<Z>(callback: (value: T | undefined) => Z): MyClass<Z | null, U> {
    return this.first 
      ? X(callback(this.first)) 
      : Y(this.second);
  } 
}

Although this setup compiles successfully, I'm struggling to articulate the exact functionality of the 'modify' method.

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