What is the proper way to declare a non-empty array in TypeScript?

I need the TypeScript compiler to throw an 'Object is possibly 'undefined'' error if attempting to directly access any element of an array without first checking if the array is empty. This way, I would always be required to check for undefined before accessing any element, potentially using optional chaining.

If it has been confirmed that the array is not empty, then I should be able to access its elements without needing to verify for undefined values.

This requirement ensures that I can be certain the array is not empty, as trying to access any element in an empty array will immediately return undefined and prevent further chaining, avoiding errors such as trying to read a property of undefined.

How can I achieve this?

Here is a code example to clarify my question:

interface Element {
  a: {
    aa: string;
    bb: string;
  };
  b: {
    aa: string;
    bb: string;
  };
}

const element: Element = {
  a: { aa: "aa", bb: "bb" },
  b: { aa: "aa", bb: "bb" },
};

type ElementArray = Element[];

const array: ElementArray = [element, element];
const emptyArray: ElementArray = [];

const getFirstAWithoutLengthCheck = (array: ElementArray) => {
  return array[0].a; // I want the TypeScript compiler to throw an 'Object is possibly 'undefined'' error here
};

const getFirstAWithLengthCheck = (array: ElementArray) => {
  if (array.length) {
    return array[0].a; // No errors should be present here
  }
  return null;
};

const getFirstAOptChaining = (array: ElementArray) => {
  return array[0]?.a; // No errors should occur with optional chaining
};

// The following line will result in error "cannot read property a of undefined", so we must use optional chaining or length check in this function, even though TypeScript does not require it
console.log(getFirstAWithoutLengthCheck(array)); // aa
console.log(getFirstAWithoutLengthCheck(emptyArray)); // crash!

// By checking the array length, access to the first element should work normally without errors
console.log(getFirstAWithLengthCheck(array)); // aa
console.log(getFirstAWithLengthCheck(emptyArray)); // null

// Using optional chaining, no errors should occur
console.log(getFirstAOptChaining(array)); // aa
console.log(getFirstAOptChaining(emptyArray)); // undefined

Answer №1

As pointed out by @Roberto Zvjerković, utilizing the noUncheckedIndexedAccess compiler flag is crucial.

To see this in action, check out the TypeScript Playground

Instead of using if (array.length), opt for if (array[0]). This approach ensures that even if the length is non-zero, it does not guarantee that the elements are all "non-undefined." For example, an array like array = [undefined] could potentially lead to a runtime error. Therefore, always take into account whether the array may contain undefined values regardless of its type.

Answer №2

In my experimentation with TypeScript, I was able to trigger an error in the first example, avoid an error in the third example, but unfortunately faced the undefined error in the second example. Here is the code snippet for your reference:

interface Element {
  a: {
    aa: string;
    bb: string;
  };
  b: {
    aa: string;
    bb: string;
  };
}

const element: Element = {
  a: { aa: "aa", bb: "bb" },
  b: { aa: "aa", bb: "bb" },
};

type ElementArray = [] | [Element] | [Element, ...Element[]];

const array: ElementArray = [element, element];
const emptyArray: ElementArray = [];

const getFirstAWithoutLengthCheck = (array: ElementArray) => {
  return array[0].a; // I expect the typescript compiler to throw an 'Object is possibly 'undefined'' error here
};

const getFirstAWithLengthCheck = (array: ElementArray) => {
  if (array.length) {
    return array[0].a; // there shouldn't be any errors
  }
  return null;
};

const getFirstAOptChaining = (array: ElementArray) => {
  return array[0]?.a; // there shouldn't be any errors
};

// The following line will throw an error - cannot read property a of undefined. We should use
// optional chaining or length check in this function, even though TypeScript doesn't require it
console.log(getFirstAWithoutLengthCheck(array)); // aa
console.log(getFirstAWithoutLengthCheck(emptyArray)); // crash!

// By checking array length, access to the first element should work without errors
console.log(getFirstAWithLengthCheck(array)); // aa
console.log(getFirstAWithLengthCheck(emptyArray)); // null

// Using optional chaining, there should be no errors
console.log(getFirstAOptChaining(array)); // aa
console.log(getFirstAOptChaining(emptyArray)); // undefined

TypeScript playground Please ignore the error related to "element"; the TypeScript playground mistakenly identifies it as a DOM element

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