What is the proper way to specify a generic type as a parameter in TypeScript?

I have devised a basic Form class using TypeScript:

class Form<FormData> {
    protected data: FormData;

    constructor(data: FormData) {
        this.data = data;
    }
}

To ensure the form receives specific data upon instantiation, I included a type parameter. For instance:

interface UpdateUserForm {
    name: string;
    email: string;
}

const updateUserForm = new Form<UpdateUserForm>;

Yet, when attempting to utilize my Form class as an argument in other classes, I encounter an issue as it requires knowing the type. Consider a method like this:

class Http {
    post(url: string, form: Form) {
        return axios(url, form.data);
    }
}

This triggers the following error:

Generic type 'Form' requires 1 type argument(s).

Sadly, I lack knowledge of the FormData type in this generic method.

How can I correctly provide type information for the form parameter?

Answer №1

In response to @jonrsharpe's comment, an alternative approach is to make the method generic in the following way:

send<FormDataStructure>(url: string, dataForm: Form<FormDataStructure>) {
    // ...
}

By implementing this method, TypeScript can automatically determine the type argument based on the type of the Form instance used as input. For example:

const customForm = new Form<CustomData>(/*...*/);
// ...
http.send("/some/endpoint", customForm);

...In this scenario, TypeScript will identify CustomData as the type argument for send, derived from the type of customForm (which is Form<CustomData>). While it is possible to explicitly specify the type, it is unnecessary with this send method. Explicit type arguments become essential when inference is not feasible, such as cases where they impact the return type of a method unable to fully define its output due to dynamic nature.

For additional instances, refer to the generics section of the official handbook.

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