What is the reason behind TypeScript classifying the argument type from the function as 'never'?

Presented here is the combined type of two signatures for the filter function and the function itself.

type Filter = {
  (arr: string[], f: (item: string) => boolean): string[]
  (arr: number[], f: (item: number) => boolean): number[]
}

let filter: Filter = (arr, func) => {
    let result = []
    for (let i in arr) {
        let item = arr[i]
        if (func(item)) {
            result.push(item)
        }
    }
    return result
}

The compiler recognizes this as a function of the union type:

https://i.sstatic.net/x5zKX.png

However, within the function, it fails to recognize the argument item and labels it as never

https://i.sstatic.net/HLRte.png

Answer №1

There is an issue when a function is defined as

((item: string) => boolean) | ((item: number) => boolean)
. It becomes challenging to safely call this function with the correct signature, as shown below:

let fn: ((item: string) => boolean) | ((item: number) => boolean)
fn = Math.random() > 0.5 ? (i: string) => !!i.toUpperCase() : (i: number)=> !!i.toExponential()

fn(10) // Will fail if the function expects strings
fn("") // Will fail if the function expects numbers

Playground Link

This is why when dealing with a union of function types, typescript infers an intersection for parameters. While this may result in never for primitive types, it is more beneficial for object types where we can merge objects to satisfy both types.

TS attempts to accurately infer the parameter types, but in this scenario, the inferred types are not very practical.

The ideal approach would be to use an explicit generic signature:

type Filter = {
  (arr: string[], f: (item: string) => boolean): string[]
  (arr: number[], f: (item: number) => boolean): number[]
}

let filter: Filter = <T extends string | number>(arr: T[], func: (item: T) => boolean): T[] => {
    let result: T[] = []
    for (let i in arr) {
        let item = arr[i]
        if (func(item)) {
            result.push(item)
        }
    }
    return result;
}

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