What is the reason behind TypeScript not narrowing types with control flow and never in the case of arrow functions?

Why does Typescript fail to narrow with a call to fail, but will narrow with a call to fail2? Is this a bug in Typescript?

const fail = (message?: string): never => {
    throw new Error(message);
};

function fail2(message?: string): never {
    throw new Error(message);
}

const getData = (): string | null => {
    return "the-data";
}



export const loadDataOrError = (): string => {
    const data = getData();

    if (data === null) {
        // Swap the below and see that it works
         
        // fail2();
        fail();
    }

    // This errors
    return data;
};

here is a playground if you want to try switching the comments and seeing the error vanish.

Screenshots for clarity
With an error

https://i.sstatic.net/ep9Z4.png

Without an error

https://i.sstatic.net/c8D5l.png

Answer №1

As mentioned in an ongoing GitHub issue here, the current limitation of type narrowing in TypeScript has been acknowledged. To address this issue, you can explicitly define arrow function types like this:

const fail: (message?: string) => never = (message) => {
    throw new Error(message)
}

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