What is the reason for TypeScript resolving this type union as an intersection?

I'm struggling to grasp the logic behind a typescript error that keeps popping up - it feels like there's a fundamental concept swiftly flying over my head, making a "whoosh" sound as it goes by.

I stumbled upon this discussion about a similar error, but the scenario described there seems quite different from mine.

Here is the condensed version of the definition I'm referring to.

type ApexAxisChartSeries = {
  // ...
  data:
    | (number | null)[]
    | {
        x: any;
        y: any;
        // ...
      }[]
    | [number, number | null][]
    | [number, (number | null)[]][];
}[]

Then there's this problematic function, which expects an array of {x:number, y:number}.

function composeSeries(input: { x: number; y: number }[]) {
  const series: ApexAxisChartSeries = [
    { name: "A", data: [] },
    { name: "B", data: [] },
  ];

  input.forEach((datum) => {
    series[0].data.push(datum); // <-- This line right here gives the error.
  });

  return series;
}

The part that's puzzling me is that according to the type definition, a {x:number, y:number} object should fit perfectly into the data array. However, Typescript is raising an issue with the following message:

Argument of type '{ x: number; y: number; }' is not assignable to parameter of type

number & { x: any; y: any; fillColor?: string | undefined; strokeColor?: string | undefined; meta?: any; goals?: any; } & [number, number | null] & [number, (number | null)[]]'
.

Type '{ x: number; y: number; }' is not assignable to type 'number'.

And I'm left wondering, where are those intersections in the error message coming from, when the type definition uses unions?

Some additional context:

  1. It's not just the object causing an error. Even when using [x,y] pairs or a simple array of numbers, the compiler still raises red flags
  2. I'm working with TS 4.5.4
  3. I am confident that the issue lies within this code snippet as the TS playground produces the same error

For your reference, here is the complete type definition:

type ApexAxisChartSeries = {
  name?: string
  type?: string
  color?: string
  data:
    | (number | null)[]
    | {
        x: any;
        y: any;
        fillColor?: string;
        strokeColor?: string;
        meta?: any;
        goals?: any;
      }[]
    | [number, number | null][]
    | [number, (number | null)[]][];
}[]

Any insights or clarity on this matter would be greatly appreciated!

Edit: an example of the error can be found on the TS playground here, courtesy of @jcalz

Answer №1

When dealing with (T | U)[] and T[] | U[], it's important to note the distinction. In the former, each array element can be of type T or U, while in the latter (as in your scenario) the array can only consist of elements of either type, not both.

The challenge arises in how TypeScript can determine the allowed elements without knowing the specific array type a variable represents.

const myArray: string[] | number[] = [];
myArray.push(5); // Argument of type 'number' is not assignable to parameter of type 'never'.

Consider the above example. TypeScript will flag an error because any value pushed to the array would violate one of the potential types.

Fortunately, TypeScript's compiler is adept at inferring a type that satisfies all conditions. This derived type, essentially an intersection of all element types, is the most fundamental type that meets the criteria.

You have two options: either allow any of the possible types in the array elements, or create a generic that can extend any of the types.

Option A: Array element can be one of multiple types

type ApexAxisChartSeries = {
  name: string,
  data:
    (number 
      | null 
      | { x: any; y: any; } 
      | [number, number | null]
      | [number, (number | null)[]]
    )[]
};

Option B: Generic type parameter can be one of multiple types

type ChartDataType = (number | null)
  | { x: any; y: any; } 
  | [number, number | null] 
  | [number, (number | null)[]];

type ApexAxisChartSeries<T extends ChartDataType> = {
  name: string,
  data: T[]
}[];

function composeSeries<T extends ChartDataType>(input: T[]) {
  const series: ApexAxisChartSeries<T> = [
    { name: "A", data: [] },
    { name: "B", data: [] },
  ];

  input.forEach((datum) => {
    const index = (true) ? 0 : 1;
    series[index].data.push(datum);
  });

  return series;
}

composeSeries([{ x:1, y: 1}]); // returns { name, data: { x, y }[] }[]

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