What makes TypeScript believe that the variable could possibly be undefined when it is clearly not the case?

I recently encountered an issue where TypeScript incorrectly identifies a variable as possibly being undefined. Here is a simplified example:

const func = (val1?: boolean, val2?: boolean) => {
  if (!val1 && !val2) return;
  let result: boolean;
  if (val1) result = false;
  else result = val2;
}

In the line else result = val2;, val1 is either false or undefined, and val2 must be true because otherwise !val1 && !val2 would have been true. Despite this, TypeScript throws an error stating:

Type 'boolean | undefined' is not assignable to type 'boolean'.

TypeScript Playground

To temporarily resolve the issue, I added || !val2 to the line if (val1) result = false;:

const func = (val1?: boolean, val2?: boolean) => {
  if (!val1 && !val2) return;
  let result: boolean;
  if (val1 || !val2) result = false;
  else result = val2;
}

TypeScript Playground

I am intrigued by why this error occurs and why TypeScript cannot recognize that the variable cannot be undefined.

Answer №1

In a light-hearted manner, the explanation is that TypeScript does not account for quantum entanglement.

On a more serious note, TypeScript's type narrowing process only moves in one direction. It starts at the beginning and progresses through all branches of the code, narrowing as it goes along. In order to handle the scenario being discussed, TypeScript would need the ability to backtrack or retain more intricate associations than what the current type system allows

Let's analyze the code and see how TypeScript interprets it. Initially, we encounter:

if (!a && !b) return;

Prior to this line, a and b are both of type boolean | undefined. TypeScript attempts to narrow these types down but reaches a limitation. There is still uncertainty whether a might be undefined (if b is true), and vice versa. Therefore, after this line, both a and b remain as boolean | undefined respectively.

Further into the code, we encounter:

if (a) c = false;

Considering solely the types and the code at this point, what conclusions can TypeScript draw? It understands that if the program enters the else case, then a must be either false or undefined. However, there is no inference possible regarding b.

To ascertain information about b, insight into the prior checks performed on b would be necessary. TypeScript indirectly possesses data regarding previous narrowed types of b. Nonetheless, since the type has not truly narrowed (remaining as boolean | undefined), this information proves unhelpful in this situation. For TypeScript to tackle such cases, it would require the capability to reassess its path and re-evaluate, or support types that capture correlations between multiple variables (cue the reference to quantum entanglement)

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