What steps can be taken to resolve the error "Incompatible types: TodoItem undefined cannot be assigned to type TodoItem"?

I am currently in the process of learning TypeScript.

Here is what's inside todoItem.ts:

export class TodoItem {
  constructor(
    public id: number,
    public task: string,
    public complete: boolean = false
  ) {}

  printDetails(): void {
    console.log(
      `${this.id}\t${this.task} ${this.complete ? "\t(complete)" : ""}`
    );
  }
}

These are the contents of todoCollection.ts:

import { TodoItem } from "./todoItem";

export class TodoCollection {
  private nextId: number = 1;

  constructor(public userName: string, public todoItems: TodoItem[] = []) {}

  addTodo(task: string): number {
    while (this.getTodoById(this.nextId)) {
      this.nextId++;
    }
    this.todoItems.push(new TodoItem(this.nextId, task));
    return this.nextId;
  }

  getTodoById(id: number): TodoItem {
    return this.todoItems.find((item) => item.id === id);
  }
}

Upon compiling with tsc, an error arises:

src/todoCollection.ts:17:5 - error TS2322: Type 'TodoItem | undefined' is not assignable to type 'TodoItem'. Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'TodoItem'.

17 return this.todoItems.find((item) => item.id === id); ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

An error has been detected.

Question

How should I go about resolving this error? This issue has got me stumped as everything seems correct on my end.

Answer №1

When using Array#find, be aware that it may result in undefined if the predicate function does not return a truthy value for any element of the array. Typescript might raise an error because you specified that you would be returning a TodoItem in the method header, but you actually attempted to return a value that could be either a TodoItem or undefined.

To address this issue, here are some options:

  1. Add | undefined to your return type, for example:
getTodoById(id: number): TodoItem | undefined {
  1. Implement some form of flow control when the item is not found, like throwing an exception
getTodoById(id: number): TodoItem {
  const result = this.todoItems.find(item => item.id === id)
  if (!result) {
    throw new Error("Not Found!");
  }
  return result;
}
  1. Utilize the not-null assertion operator. If you are certain that a result will always be found, you can indicate to TS that the return value will never be null or undefined by using the ! postfix operator.
return this.todoItems.find(item => item.id === id)!
  1. Consider disabling strict null checks in your ts config. Although not recommended, TypeScript's functionality can be adjusted by configuring settings in tsconfig.json.

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