What type of class is considered a mixin in programming?

Struggling to determine the type of a typescript mixin class without using a workaround method. Here are a couple of examples:

type Constructor<T = {}> = new(...args: any[]) => T;

function MyMixin<T extends Constructor>(BaseClass: T) {
  return class extends BaseClass {doY() {}}
}

// Option A: Clumsy and inefficient
const MixedA = MyMixin(class {doX() {}});
const dummy = new MixedA();
type MixedA = typeof dummy;

class OtherA {
  field: MixedA = new MixedA();
  a() {this.field.doX(); this.field.doY();}
}

// Option B: Lengthy 
class Cls {doX() {}}
interface MixinInterface {doY(): void}

const MixedB = MyMixin(Cls);
type MixedB = Cls & MixinInterface;

class OtherB {
  field: MixedB = new MixedB();
  a() {this.field.doX(); this.field.doY();}
}

It's disappointing that TypeScript lacks proper support for mixins/traits. Is there an alternative way to define the type of field without using typeof on an instance or duplicating signatures in an interface? I attempted typeof(new MixedBaseA()), but typeof does not accept arbitrary expressions.

Answer №1

Although it may not be exactly what you were looking for, here is an alternative approach that aims to minimize waste. To illustrate, consider the following definition:

type Constructor<T = {}> = new(...args: any[]) => T;

function MyMixin<T extends Constructor>(BaseClass: T) {
    return class extends BaseClass {
        doY() { }
    }
}

const MixedA = MyMixin(class { doX() {} });

The type can be obtained by utilizing the following function:

function getReturnType<R>(fn: (new(...args: any[]) => R)): R {
  return {} as R;
}

const dummy = getReturnType(MixedA);
type MixedAType = typeof dummy;

const mixedA : MixedAType = new MixedA();
mixedA.doX();
mixedA.doY();

Playground

The proposal regarding obtaining the type of any expression continues to remain open for further discussion: https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/6606. This could potentially eliminate the need for the dummy variable and the specific function.

Alternatively, to achieve a concise representation like

type MixedAType = MyMixinY & X
, one can opt to adjust the constructor type returned in the mixin:

type Constructor<T = {}> = new(...args: any[]) => T;

interface MyMixinY {
    doY()
} 

function MixinY<T extends Constructor>(BaseClass: T)
    : Constructor<MyMixinY> & T {

    return <any> class Y extends BaseClass implements MyMixinY {
        doY() { 
            console.log("in Y");
        }
    }
}

const MixedA = MixinY(class X {
    doX() {
        console.log("in X");
    }
});

function getReturnType<R>(fn: (new(...args: any[]) => R)): R {
  return {} as R;
}

const dummy = getReturnType(MixedA);
type MixedAType = typeof dummy; // now is `type MixedAType = MyMixinY & X`

const mixedA: MixedAType = new MixedA();
mixedA.doX();
mixedA.doY();

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