Why does an RxJS Observable provide instantaneous data retrieval?

While working on my current project, I came across the following function:

translateString(stringToTranslate: string) {
    let translation;
    this.translateService.get(stringToTranslate).subscribe(
        data => {
            translation = data;
        });
    return translation;
}

It seems strange because the TranslateService.get() method always returns an Observable, yet it somehow manages to work (the translated string is returned immediately)... How can this be possible? Shouldn't a callback function be added to the execution stack and run later instead?

Answer №1

Just because you are utilizing Observables doesn't necessarily imply that everything will be executed in a separate JavaScript callback.

Actually, most default Observables and operators immediately emit everything without using any Scheduler by default. Check out this link for more information on this.

However, when employing operators like delay(), execution scheduling becomes crucial as demonstrated in this example.

Consider the following scenario:

Observable.from([1,2,3], Scheduler.async)
  .subscribe(val => console.log(val));

Observable.from(['a','b','c'], Scheduler.async)
  .subscribe(val => console.log(val));

This results in each emission being scheduled into a separate JS callback:

1
"a"
2
"b"
3
"c"

View demo: here

In scenarios where no scheduler is set, all emissions occur immediately (synchronously):

Observable.from([1,2,3])
  .subscribe(val => console.log(val));

Observable.from(['a','b','c'])
  .subscribe(val => console.log(val));

Resulting in the output:

1
2
3
"a"
"b"
"c"

View demo: here

It's advisable not to rely on third-party libraries for immediate value emissions, as changes may occur leading to unexpected behavior in your code.

Answer №2

An Observable acts as a convenient wrapper for handling onSuccess(), onError(), and onComplete() callbacks. When executed synchronously, an Observable will maintain that same sync nature. This essential functionality of an Observable is key (the rest involves just tidying up):

class MyObservable {
  constructor(subscribe) {}
  subscribe(observerOrNext, error, complete) {} // callback methods
}
MyObservable.create = (subscribe) => {
    return new MyObservable(subscribe); // chaining method calls
}

Check out this educational video by André Staltz demonstrating how to build an observable from the ground up.

Answer №3

It's worth considering that some observables may emit synchronously, which could be relevant in this scenario. An example of this is Observable.of. If the translateService behaves synchronously, your subscription observer may be triggered immediately and populate your translation value.

The timing of emissions can be influenced by using schedulers, a less well-documented aspect of rxjs. For more information, you can refer to

https://example.com/rxjs-schedulers
, specifically the section on Schedulers Renamed.

Answer №4

Due to the asynchronous nature of Observables, your translateString function is returning prematurely because the return translation line is executed before the observable is completed. The call to

this.translateService.get(stringToTranslate)
has not finished by the time the return statement is reached.

To resolve this issue, consider removing the return statement and allowing the value of translation to be assigned upon completion of the observable. If you need to chain functions together, you may want to explore using flatMap to perform additional operations on the response of

this.translateService.get(stringToTranslate)
.

The subscribe method functions similar to a callback by executing the observable and providing the response in a success/error/completed manner.

....subscribe(
    data => // handle success data,
    error => // handle error data,
    completed => // handle observable completion
);

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